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ABSTRACT We study the link between flood risk and mortgage lending in the Netherlands, a country where approximately 60% of the population resides in flood‐prone areas. Using over 100,000 securitised mortgages issued from 2013 to 2023, our study concludes that credit terms are indistinguishable between areas with and without flood risk. When we use the 2021 river flood disaster in a diff‐in‐diff setting, our results suggest that lenders temporarily (for about 6 months) raised interest premiums and partially reduced LTVs. It appears that regulatory mandates are needed if central banks want commercial banks to price climate risk into their lending.

Alex hurricane was one of the most intense tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic that caused fatalities and loses in the Northeast of Mexico due to the flash floods. Flood hazard mapping is a vital tool to assess inundation areas, which can be simulated using hydraulic and hydrologic models. This study describes the modelling of a flood event during Alex hurricane in the Santa Catarina River Watershed, Northeast of Mexico, applying HEC-HMS and two dimensional (2D) HEC-RAS models forced with Multi Radar Multi Sensor-Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (MRMS-QPE). A HEC-HMS model was developed forced by (MRMS-QPE) as input to simulate discharges along the Santa Catarina River. The simulated discharges were introduced as border conditions along the mainstream of the Santa Catarina River inside a HEC-RAS 2D model to simulate a flood map along the mainstream of the Santa Catrina River. The observed against the simulated peak discharges achieved a r2 of 0.97 and a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.97. The observed against the simulated accumulated discharges achieved a r2 of 0.99 and a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 1.0. The observed against the simulated stages achieved a r2 of 0.74 and, a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.68. The use of HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS 2D models coupled with MRMS-QPE shows that these models are user friendly to setup, the model has stability and the capacity to simulate flood maps along the whole mainstream of the Santa Catarina River with good results.

Purpose: This study assesses the degree of farmers’ vulnerability to floods in the Upper East Region of Ghana. It also determined  the adaptation strategies employed by farmers to cope with the floods. Design/Methodology/Approach: The mixed-methods research design was employed for this study. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 343 farmers. Data was collected using a questionnaire, an in-depth interview guide and a focus group discussion guide. The data gathered were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and chi-square tests of independence were used to present quantitative data, while qualitative data were transcribed and analysed manually using thematic analysis. Research Limitation: The study was limited by its inability to constitute a representative sample through random sampling procedures, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. Findings: The results showed that farmers were highly vulnerable to floods. It was also revealed that floods in the study area have occurred more often than ten years ago. Additionally, a statistically significant relationship was found between educational level and vulnerability to floods in the study area. Practical Implication: The study's findings provide actionable strategies for coping with floods in the study area and beyond. Social Implication: The study emphasises how efficient flood adaptation in the study area may have a positive impact on farmers’ livelihoods. Originality/Value: The uniqueness of this paper aligns with the on-going debate about the threat of floods in Ghana, which has led to the destruction of household assets and ecosystems.

Alex hurricane was one of the most intense tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic that caused fatalities and loses in the Northeast of Mexico due to the flash floods. Flood hazard mapping is a vital tool to assess inundation areas, which can be simulated using hydraulic and hydrologic models. This study describes the modelling of a flood event during Alex hurricane in the Santa Catarina River Watershed, Northeast of Mexico, applying HEC-HMS and two dimensional (2D) HEC-RAS models forced with Multi Radar Multi Sensor-Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (MRMS-QPE). A HEC-HMS model was developed forced by (MRMS-QPE) as input to simulate discharges along the Santa Catarina River. The simulated discharges were introduced as border conditions along the mainstream of the Santa Catarina River inside a HEC-RAS 2D model to simulate a flood map along the mainstream of the Santa Catrina River. The observed against the simulated peak discharges achieved a r2 of 0.97 and a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.97. The observed against the simulated accumulated discharges achieved a r2 of 0.99 and a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 1.0. The observed against the simulated stages achieved a r2 of 0.74 and, a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.68. The use of HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS 2D models coupled with MRMS-QPE shows that these models are user friendly to setup, the model has stability and the capacity to simulate flood maps along the whole mainstream of the Santa Catarina River with good results.

<p>This study investigates the performance of 35 recent ponds (which are under tendering, under construction, and finished in Erbil City), focusing on their role in flood mitigation across 11 distinct catchment areas. The total storage capacity of these ponds is approximately 9,926,394 m³, significantly enhancing the city's ability to manage stormwater runoff and reduce flood risks. The Watershed Modeling System (WMS), along with the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method, was utilized for hydrological modeling to evaluate runoff behavior and water retention performance. Calculated Retention Capacity Ratio (RCR) values vary from as low as 21 % in the smallest system to 136 % in the Kasnazan catchment, with Chamarga similarly exceeding full capacity at 131 %. These over-capacity networks not only attenuate peak flows but also promote groundwater recharge, improve downstream water quality by trapping sediments and nutrients, and create valuable aquatic and riparian habitats. Our findings demonstrate the multifaceted benefits of high-capacity retention ponds and provide a replicable model for integrating green infrastructure into urban planning to build flood resilience and sustainable water management in rapidly urbanizing regions.</p>

ABSTRACT The increasing frequency of natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, and tsunamis, has made vulnerable communities less resilient, pushing them toward long‐term poverty and food insecurity. Effective post‐disaster rehabilitation is critical to restoring livelihoods, infrastructure, and food security. However, challenges such as corruption, misallocation, and mistargeting undermine post‐disaster aid programs. This study systematically reviews 86 peer‐reviewed articles (1990–2023) using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) protocol to investigate aid inefficiencies in disaster recovery. The findings reveal that aid often fails to reach the most affected communities, being diverted to unaffected areas due to political influence and local elites, exacerbating inequalities. Corruption further hampers institutional performance and long‐term disaster resilience efforts. The study calls for transparent, accountable, and inclusive strategies for aid distribution, aligning with SDG 10 (reduced inequalities) and SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities). Future research should focus on gender‐sensitive strategies, local governance, and technological innovations to enhance aid transparency and effectiveness.

Introduction Impacts of climate change on human health receive increasing attention. However, the connections of climate change with well-being and mental health are still poorly understood. Objective As part of the Horizon Europe project TRIGGER, we aim to deepen the understanding of the relationships between climate change and human mental health and well-being in Europe by focusing on environmental and socio-individual determinants. Methods This study is a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA guidelines using Embase, Medline and Web of Science. Results 143 records were retrieved. The results show that climate change and its specific hazards (air pollution, floods, wildfires, meteorological variables, and temperature extremes) impact human well-being and mental health. Discussion Mental health and well-being outcomes are complex, extremely individual, and can be long lasting. Determinants like the living surrounding, human’s life activities as well as socio-individual determinants alter the linkage between climate change and mental health. The same determinant can exert both a pathogenic and a salutogenic effect, depending on the outcome. Knowing the effects of the determinants is of high relevance to improve resilience. Several pathways were identified. For instance, higher level of education and female gender lead to perceiving climate change as a bigger threat but increase preparedness to climate hazards. Elderly, children and adolescents are at higher risks of mental health problems. On the other hand, social relation, cohesiveness and support from family and friends are generally protective. Green and blue spaces improve well-being and mental health. Overall, comparing the different hazard-outcome relationships is difficult due to varying definitions, measurement techniques, spatial and temporal range, scales, indicators and population samples. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/home , identifier CRD42023426758.