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Due to climate change, flooding stress has occurred more frequently and intensively than ever before, which has become one of the major abiotic stresses affecting rice production. In tropical regions around the world, southeastern coastal countries, and southern rice production areas of China, frequent flooding disaster usually takes place during the rainy season and heavy summer rainfall, which leads to great yield losses in rice production. Currently, only a few rice genotypes are flooding-tolerant, and the relevant flooding-resistant cultivation and regulation practices are still lacking. Therefore, this review highlighted the latest studies on the physiological mechanisms of rice response to flooding stress and flooding-resistant cultivation, particularly summarizing the effect of flooding stress on rice root system architecture, plant growth, reactive oxygen metabolism, energy metabolism, radiation use efficiency, endogenous hormone metabolism, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and yield formation. In addition, the breeding strategies and cultivation regulation approaches for alleviating the flooding stress of rice were analyzed. Finally, future research directions are outlined. This review comprehensively summarizes the rice growth performance and physiological traits response to flooding stress, and sums up some useful regulation strategies, which might assist in further interpreting the mechanisms of plants’ response to flooding stress and developing stress-resistant cultivation practices for rice production.

ABSTRACT Urban Flood Risk Management (FRM) is a critical aspect of developing resilient environments for future generations to inhabit. It is now interconnected with the requirement to be more environmentally conscious through blue‐green infrastructure and the delivery of wider co‐benefits. The complexity of balancing urban growth with environmental drivers and increasing resilience is a key challenge for strategic urban decision‐making. Through computational modelling developments, new approaches to assess the spatial contribution of area to flood hazard are improving our understanding of the catchment response and our ability to develop multifunctional, multi‐beneficial projects. Yet at present, these approaches remain largely theoretical or are a ‘best intention’. This study uses an adapted ‘Unit Flood Response’ approach to generate Flood Source Area (FSA) maps for an urban catchment in the UK. A user‐focused engagement approach is applied using FSA outputs to generate key insight into its applicability from a practitioner perspective. The FSA modelling identified several hazard sources, from widespread contributions upstream to discrete contributions downstream. Stakeholders concluded that the FSA can support FRM at the pre‐planning stage by providing a clearer strategic vision across the catchment to support traditional ‘receptor‐led’ decision‐making. Improved identification and negotiation of project partners and the potential to support/identify wider scale options that integrate with existing and planned infrastructure in other sectors, for example, housing and transport, were additional benefits of this approach. While the computational aspects of FSA analyses could be improved for model robustness (e.g., calibration, validation), they must do so with a full understanding of the practicalities of applying these techniques on the ground, demonstrating the importance of co‐development of research with practitioners and decision‐makers.

ABSTRACT While natural flood management (NFM) as a flood mitigation strategy is becoming widely used, there remains a lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of different NFM scenarios under high flow events. To demonstrate how different types and extents of NFM interventions interact to flood peaks at larger catchment scales, combined scenarios of existing NFM interventions and an ideal maximum woodland scenario were modelled in the Upper Aire, northern England, using a coupled model that integrates Spatially Distributed TOPMODEL (SD‐TOPMODEL) with a 2D hydrodynamic model (Flood Modeller 2D) at an 81.4 km 2 catchment. The coupled model exhibited a strong fit with observed data (NSE up to 0.95), effectively capturing flood peaks and peak shapes. Leaky dams were found to be more effective at delaying flood peaks with mean values ranging from 8.6 to 60 min than reducing peak discharge (mean values ranging from 0.53% to 1.84%), though these effects were inversely proportional and influenced by tributary characteristics such as channel gradient. Simulations applying multiple NFM interventions consistently demonstrated positive flood mitigation impacts, including reduced peak discharge up to 2.59% and delayed peaks up to 30 min, while inundation depths reduced by 0.5 m in most areas, with inundation extent reduction at critical points in an urban area. The study demonstrated the utility of the coupled model for evaluating NFM strategies while emphasising the need for further validation and exploration of systematic interventions at larger catchment scales. By providing insights into the interactions between NFM interventions and catchment characteristics, this research contributes to the optimisation of flood risk management strategies and informs future policy development.

ABSTRACT Synthetic rating curves (SRCs) are often used to translate streamflow forecasts into flood inundation maps. Previous studies have investigated the development and errors in SRCs at local, regional, and continental scales. In this analysis, we used the latest global methodology and datasets to develop SRCs for use in flood inundation map forecasting. Using the Yellowstone River Basin and the 2022 floods that affected the region, we analyzed the error in the SRCs assessment of stage and water surface elevation (WSE). We then investigated the error in flood inundation maps produced using the SRCs. Comparing SRCs to locally derived rating curves from 29 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gages, median error in SRC stage ranged from 0.45 to 0.65 m and SRC error was greatest at higher magnitude streamflows. This error increased to a median of 1.98–2.30 m when converting the stage to a WSE. After using the SRC WSE estimates to create an estimated flood inundation map, the WSE error at observed high‐water marks (1.99 m) was nearly proportional to average WSE error at the stream gage locations along the same river reach. Our results provide the first regional assessment of globally derived SRCs that are used in flood inundation mapping.

This study investigates the multifaceted factors influencing the success of government-funded construction projects and addresses the challenges posed by climate-induced flooding, proposing integrated solutions encompassing structural vulnerability, system capacity, and organizational preparedness. By examining the challenges faced by coastal infrastructure, such as aging infrastructure, sea-level rise, and extreme weather events, this research seeks to identify strategies that enhance resilience and minimize the impact of flooding on coastal communities. The study presents a systematic review of 80 scholarly articles integrating quantitative and qualitative findings. Utilizing the PRISMA guidelines, the review highlights structural analysis, hydraulic modeling, and organizational surveys, to assess the resilience of coastal infrastructure systems. The results of this study offer actionable insights for policymakers, infrastructure managers, and coastal communities, facilitating informed decision-making and promoting climate-resilient development. Coastal regions around the world are increasingly vulnerable to climate-induced hazards such as sea level rise, storm surges, and intense flooding events. Among the most at-risk assets are transport infrastructure and buildings, which serve as the backbone of urban and regional functionality. This research paper presents a multidimensional assessment framework that integrates structural vulnerability, system capacity, and organizational preparedness to evaluate the resilience of coastal infrastructure. Drawing upon principles of resilience such as robustness, redundancy, safe-to-fail design, and change-readiness, the study critically reviews and synthesizes existing literature, identifies gaps in current assessment models, and proposes a comprehensive methodology for resilience evaluation. By focusing on both transport systems and building infrastructure, the research aims to inform adaptive strategies and policy interventions that enhance infrastructure performance and continuity under future climate stressors.

ABSTRACT Contemporary urbanization has intensified environmental, social, and economic challenges, underscoring the need for Nature‐Based Solutions (NBS) to address issues of urban carbon emission, flooding, stormwater management, heatwaves, and biodiversity loss. However, securing funding for NBS implementation and maintenance remains a critical barrier. This study systematically reviews 121 financial‐related scholarly literature on urban NBS, applying the PESTLE (political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental) method to identify barriers to financial innovation and implementation. To ensure reliability, countermeasures cited in at least three independent sources were included. Key financial barriers for urban NBS include unstandardized valuation metrics (19%), insufficient financing mechanisms (15%), and regulatory limits (11%). This review also highlights countermeasures such as economic valuation (8%), innovative finance modalities (8%), tax benefits, and community workshops (7%) that can address these barriers. The study's uniqueness lies in how financial resource alignment and regulatory support, guided by Resource‐Based View and Institutional Theory , can promote sustainable NBS adoption. It also calls for standardized valuation metrics and adaptive monitoring systems to improve the social, environmental, and economic impact of NBS, making them more attractive to investors and ensuring long‐term sustainability. These findings provide actionable insights for financial restructuring and urban planners to effectively bridge funding gaps and promote sustainable environmental financing.