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L’interface de recherche est composée de trois sections : Rechercher, Explorer et Résultats. Celles-ci sont décrites en détail ci-dessous.

Vous pouvez lancer une recherche aussi bien à partir de la section Rechercher qu’à partir de la section Explorer.

Rechercher

Cette section affiche vos critères de recherche courants et vous permet de soumettre des mots-clés à chercher dans la bibliographie.

  • Chaque nouvelle soumission ajoute les mots-clés saisis à la liste des critères de recherche.
  • Pour lancer une nouvelle recherche plutôt qu’ajouter des mots-clés à la recherche courante, utilisez le bouton Réinitialiser la recherche, puis entrez vos mots-clés.
  • Pour remplacer un mot-clé déjà soumis, veuillez d’abord le retirer en décochant sa case à cocher, puis soumettre un nouveau mot-clé.
  • Vous pouvez contrôler la portée de votre recherche en choisissant où chercher. Les options sont :
    • Partout : repère vos mots-clés dans tous les champs des références bibliographiques ainsi que dans le contenu textuel des documents disponibles.
    • Dans les auteurs ou contributeurs : repère vos mots-clés dans les noms d’auteurs ou de contributeurs.
    • Dans les titres : repère vos mots-clés dans les titres.
    • Dans les années de publication : repère vos mots-clés dans le champ d’année de publication (vous pouvez utiliser l’opérateur OU avec vos mots-clés pour trouver des références ayant différentes années de publication. Par exemple, 2020 OU 2021).
    • Dans tous les champs : repère vos mots-clés dans tous les champs des notices bibliographiques.
    • Dans les documents : repère vos mots-clés dans le contenu textuel des documents disponibles.
  • Vous pouvez utiliser les opérateurs booléens avec vos mots-clés :
    • ET : repère les références qui contiennent tous les termes fournis. Ceci est la relation par défaut entre les termes séparés d’un espace. Par exemple, a b est équivalent à a ET b.
    • OU : repère les références qui contiennent n’importe lequel des termes fournis. Par exemple, a OU b.
    • SAUF : exclut les références qui contiennent le terme fourni. Par exemple, SAUF a.
    • Les opérateurs booléens doivent être saisis en MAJUSCULES.
  • Vous pouvez faire des groupements logiques (avec les parenthèses) pour éviter les ambiguïtés lors de la combinaison de plusieurs opérateurs booléens. Par exemple, (a OU b) ET c.
  • Vous pouvez demander une séquence exacte de mots (avec les guillemets droits), par exemple "a b c". Par défaut la différence entre les positions des mots est de 1, ce qui signifie qu’une référence sera repérée si elle contient les mots et qu’ils sont consécutifs. Une distance maximale différente peut être fournie (avec le tilde), par exemple "a b"~2 permet jusqu’à un terme entre a et b, ce qui signifie que la séquence a c b pourrait être repérée aussi bien que a b.
  • Vous pouvez préciser que certains termes sont plus importants que d’autres (avec l’accent circonflexe). Par exemple, a^2 b c^0.5 indique que a est deux fois plus important que b dans le calcul de pertinence des résultats, tandis que c est de moitié moins important. Ce type de facteur peut être appliqué à un groupement logique, par exemple (a b)^3 c.
  • La recherche par mots-clés est insensible à la casse et les accents et la ponctuation sont ignorés.
  • Les terminaisons des mots sont amputées pour la plupart des champs, tels le titre, le résumé et les notes. L’amputation des terminaisons vous évite d’avoir à prévoir toutes les formes possibles d’un mot dans vos recherches. Ainsi, les termes municipal, municipale et municipaux, par exemple, donneront tous le même résultat. L’amputation des terminaisons n’est pas appliquée au texte des champs de noms, tels auteurs/contributeurs, éditeur, publication.

Explorer

Cette section vous permet d’explorer les catégories associées aux références.

  • Les catégories peuvent servir à affiner votre recherche. Cochez une catégorie pour l’ajouter à vos critères de recherche. Les résultats seront alors restreints aux références qui sont associées à cette catégorie.
  • Dé-cochez une catégorie pour la retirer de vos critères de recherche et élargir votre recherche.
  • Les nombres affichés à côté des catégories indiquent combien de références sont associées à chaque catégorie considérant les résultats de recherche courants. Ces nombres varieront en fonction de vos critères de recherche, de manière à toujours décrire le jeu de résultats courant. De même, des catégories et des facettes entières pourront disparaître lorsque les résultats de recherche ne contiennent aucune référence leur étant associées.
  • Une icône de flèche () apparaissant à côté d’une catégorie indique que des sous-catégories sont disponibles. Vous pouvez appuyer sur l’icône pour faire afficher la liste de ces catégories plus spécifiques. Par la suite, vous pouvez appuyer à nouveau pour masquer la liste. L’action d’afficher ou de masquer les sous-catégories ne modifie pas vos critères de recherche; ceci vous permet de rapidement explorer l’arborescence des catégories, si désiré.

Résultats

Cette section présente les résultats de recherche. Si aucun critère de recherche n’a été fourni, elle montre toute la bibliographie (jusqu’à 20 références par page).

  • Chaque référence de la liste des résultats est un hyperlien vers sa notice bibliographique complète. À partir de la notice, vous pouvez continuer à explorer les résultats de recherche en naviguant vers les notices précédentes ou suivantes de vos résultats de recherche, ou encore retourner à la liste des résultats.
  • Des hyperliens supplémentaires, tels que Consulter le document ou Consulter sur [nom d’un site web], peuvent apparaître sous un résultat de recherche. Ces liens vous fournissent un accès rapide à la ressource, des liens que vous trouverez également dans la notice bibliographique.
  • Le bouton Résumés vous permet d’activer ou de désactiver l’affichage des résumés dans la liste des résultats de recherche. Toutefois, activer l’affichage des résumés n’aura aucun effet sur les résultats pour lesquels aucun résumé n’est disponible.
  • Diverses options sont fournies pour permettre de contrôler l’ordonnancement les résultats de recherche. L’une d’elles est l’option de tri par Pertinence, qui classe les résultats du plus pertinent au moins pertinent. Le score utilisé à cette fin prend en compte la fréquence des mots ainsi que les champs dans lesquels ils apparaissent. Par exemple, si un terme recherché apparaît fréquemment dans une référence ou est l’un d’un très petit nombre de termes utilisé dans cette référence, cette référence aura probablement un score plus élevé qu’une autre où le terme apparaît moins fréquemment ou qui contient un très grand nombre de mots. De même, le score sera plus élevé si un terme est rare dans l’ensemble de la bibliographie que s’il est très commun. De plus, si un terme de recherche apparaît par exemple dans le titre d’une référence, le score de cette référence sera plus élevé que s’il apparaissait dans un champ moins important tel le résumé.
  • Le tri par Pertinence n’est disponible qu’après avoir soumis des mots-clés par le biais de la section Rechercher.
  • Les catégories sélectionnées dans la section Explorer n’ont aucun effet sur le tri par pertinence. Elles ne font que filtrer la liste des résultats.
Année de publication
  • Entre 2000 et 2025

Résultats 1 717 ressources

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Résumés
  • Troin, M., Arsenault, R., Fournier, E., & Brissette, F. (2021). Catchment Scale Evaluation of Multiple Global Hydrological Models from ISIMIP2a over North America. Water, 13(21), 3112. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213112

    A satisfactory performance of hydrological models under historical climate conditions is considered a prerequisite step in any hydrological climate change impact study. Despite the significant interest in global hydrological modeling, few systematic evaluations of global hydrological models (gHMs) at the catchment scale have been carried out. This study investigates the performance of 4 gHMs driven by 4 global observation-based meteorological inputs at simulating weekly discharges over 198 large-sized North American catchments for the 1971–2010 period. The 16 discharge simulations serve as the basis for evaluating gHM accuracy at the catchment scale within the second phase of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2a). The simulated discharges by the four gHMs are compared against observed and simulated weekly discharge values by two regional hydrological models (rHMs) driven by a global meteorological dataset for the same period. We discuss the implications of both modeling approaches as well as the influence of catchment characteristics and global meteorological forcing in terms of model performance through statistical criteria and visual hydrograph comparison for catchment-scale hydrological studies. Overall, the gHM discharge statistics exhibit poor agreement with observations at the catchment scale and manifest considerable bias and errors in seasonal flow simulations. We confirm that the gHM approach, as experimentally implemented through the ISIMIP2a, must be used with caution for regional studies. We find the rHM approach to be more trustworthy and recommend using it for hydrological studies, especially if findings are intended to support operational decision-making.

    Consulter sur www.mdpi.com
  • Troin, M., Arsenault, R., Wood, A. W., Brissette, F., & Martel, J. (2021). Generating Ensemble Streamflow Forecasts: A Review of Methods and Approaches Over the Past 40 Years. Water Resources Research, 57(7). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028392

    Abstract Ensemble forecasting applied to the field of hydrology is currently an established area of research embracing a broad spectrum of operational situations. This work catalogs the various pathways of ensemble streamflow forecasting based on an exhaustive review of more than 700 studies over the last 40 years. We focus on the advanced state of the art in the model‐based (dynamical) ensemble forecasting approaches. Ensemble streamflow prediction systems are categorized into three leading classes: statistics‐based streamflow prediction systems, climatology‐based ensemble streamflow prediction systems and numerical weather prediction‐based hydrological ensemble prediction systems. For each ensemble approach, technical information, as well as details about its strengths and weaknesses, are provided based on a critical review of the studies listed. Through this literature review, the performance and uncertainty associated with the ensemble forecasting systems are underlined from both operational and scientific viewpoints. Finally, the remaining key challenges and prospective future research directions are presented, notably through hybrid dynamical ‐ statistical learning approaches, which obviously present new challenges to be overcome in order to allow the successful employment of ensemble streamflow forecasting systems in the next decades. Targeting students, researchers and practitioners, this review provides a detailed perspective on the major features of an increasingly important area of hydrological forecasting. , Key Points This work summarizes the 40 years of research in the generation of streamflow forecasts based on an exhaustive review of studies Ensemble prediction systems are categorized into three classes: statistics‐based, climatology‐based and numerical weather prediction‐based hydrological ensemble prediction systems For each ensemble forecasting system, thorough technical information is provided

    Consulter sur agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
  • Troin, M., Velázquez, J. A., Caya, D., & Brissette, F. (2015). Comparing statistical post-processing of regional and global climate scenarios for hydrological impacts assessment: a case study of two canadian catchments. Journal of Hydrology, 520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.11.047

    Summary Projected climate change effects on streamflow are investigated for the 2041–2070 horizon following the SRES A2 emissions scenario over two snowmelt-dominated catchments in Canada. A 16-member ensemble of SWAT hydrological model (HM) simulations, based on a comprehensive ensemble of the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) simulations driven by two global climate models (GCMs), with five realizations of the Canadian CGCM3 and three realizations of the German ECHAM5 is established per catchment. This study aims to evaluate, once model bias has been removed by statistical post-processing (SP), how the RCM-simulated climate changes differ from those of the parent GCMs, and how they affect the assessment of climate change-induced hydrological impacts at the catchment scale. The variability of streamflow caused by the use of different SP methods (mean-based versus distribution-based) within each statistical post-processing pathway of climate model outputs (bias correction versus perturbation) is also evaluated, as well as the uncertainty of natural climate variability. The simulations cover 1971–2000 in the reference period and 2041–2070 in the future period. For a set of criteria, results based on raw and statistically post-processed model outputs for the reference climate are compared with observations. This process demonstrates that SP is important not only for GCMs outputs, but also for CRCM outputs. SP leads to a high level of agreement between the CRCM and the driving GCMs in reproducing patterns of observed climate. The ensemble spread of the climate change signal on streamflow is large and varies with catchments and hydrological periods (winter/summer flows). The results of various hydrological indicators show that most of the uncertainty arises from the natural climate variability followed by the statistical post-processing. The uncertainty linked to the choice of statistical pathway is much larger than that associated with the choice of the method in quantifying the hydrological impacts. We find that the incorporation of dynamical downscaling of global models through the CRCM as an intermediate step in the GCM–RCM–SP–HM model chain does not lead to considerable differences in the assessment of the climate change impacts on streamflow for the study catchments.

  • Van Den Hoek, J., & Friedrich, H. K. (2021). Satellite-Based Human Settlement Datasets Inadequately Detect Refugee Settlements: A Critical Assessment at Thirty Refugee Settlements in Uganda. Remote Sensing, 13(18), 3574. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183574

    Satellite-based broad-scale (i.e., global and continental) human settlement data are essential for diverse applications spanning climate hazard mitigation, sustainable development monitoring, spatial epidemiology and demographic modeling. Many human settlement products report exceptional detection accuracies above 85%, but there is a substantial blind spot in that product validation typically focuses on large urban areas and excludes rural, small-scale settlements that are home to 3.4 billion people around the world. In this study, we make use of a data-rich sample of 30 refugee settlements in Uganda to assess the small-scale settlement detection by four human settlement products, namely, Geo-Referenced Infrastructure and Demographic Data for Development settlement extent data (GRID3-SE), Global Human Settlements Built-Up Sentinel-2 (GHS-BUILT-S2), High Resolution Settlement Layer (HRSL) and World Settlement Footprint (WSF). We measured each product’s areal coverage within refugee settlement boundaries, assessed detection of 317,416 building footprints and examined spatial agreement among products. For settlements established before 2016, products had low median probability of detection and F1-score of 0.26 and 0.24, respectively, a high median false alarm rate of 0.59 and tended to only agree in regions with the highest building density. Individually, GRID3-SE offered more than five-fold the coverage of other products, GHS-BUILT-S2 underestimated the building footprint area by a median 50% and HRSL slightly underestimated the footprint area by a median 7%, while WSF entirely overlooked 8 of the 30 study refugee settlements. The variable rates of coverage and detection partly result from GRID3-SE and HRSL being based on much higher resolution imagery, compared to GHS-BUILT-S2 and WSF. Earlier established settlements were generally better detected than recently established settlements, showing that the timing of satellite image acquisition with respect to refugee settlement establishment also influenced detection results. Nonetheless, settlements established in the 1960s and 1980s were inconsistently detected by settlement products. These findings show that human settlement products have far to go in capturing small-scale refugee settlements and would benefit from incorporating refugee settlements in training and validating human settlement detection approaches.

  • Van Bellen, S., De Vernal, A., To, A., Ouellet‐Bernier, M., Roy, N., & ClimHuNor Members. (2020). A database of Holocene temperature records for north‐eastern North America and the north‐western Atlantic. Geoscience Data Journal, 7(1), 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.89

    Abstract Centennial‐to‐millennial temperature records of the past provide a context for the interpretation of current and future changes in climate. Quaternary climates have been relatively well studied in north‐east North America and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean over the last decades, and new research methods have been developed to improve reconstructions. We present newly inferred reconstructions of sea surface temperature for the north‐western Atlantic region, together with a compilation of published temperature records. The database thus comprises a total of 86 records from both marine and terrestrial sites, including lakes, peatlands, ice and tree rings, each covering at least part of the Holocene. For each record, we present details on seasons covered, chronologies and information on radiocarbon dates and analytical time steps. The 86 records contain a total of 154 reconstructions of temperature and temperature‐related variables. Main proxies include pollen and dinocysts, while summer was the season for which the highest number of reconstructions were available. Many records covered most of the Holocene, but many dinocyst records did not extend to the surface, due to sediment mixing, and dendroclimate records were limited to the last millennium. The database allows for the exploration of linkages between sea ice and climate and may be used in conjunction with other palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental records, such as wildfire records and peatland dynamics. This inventory may also aid the identification of gaps in the geographic distribution of past temperature records thus guiding future research efforts.

    Consulter sur rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
  • Vadiati, M., Nalley, D., Adamowski, J., Nakhaei, M., & Asghari-Moghaddam, A. (2019). A comparative study of fuzzy logic-based models for groundwater quality evaluation based on irrigation indices. Journal of Water and Land Development, 43(1), 158–170. https://doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2019-0074

    Abstract Groundwater quality modelling plays an important role in water resources management decision making processes. Accordingly, models must be developed to account for the uncertainty inherent in the modelling process, from the sample measurement stage through to the data interpretation stages. Artificial intelligence models, particularly fuzzy inference systems (FIS), have been shown to be effective in groundwater quality evaluation for complex aquifers. In the current study, fuzzy set theory is applied to groundwater-quality related decision-making in an agricultural production context; the Mamdani, Sugeno, and Larsen fuzzy logic-based models (MFL, SFL, and LFL, respectively) are used to develop a series of new, generalized, rule-based fuzzy models for water quality evaluation using widely accepted irrigation indices and hydrological data from the Sarab Plain, Iran. Rather than drawing upon physiochemical groundwater quality parameters, the present research employs widely accepted agricultural indices (e.g., irrigation criteria) when developing the MFL, SFL and LFL groundwater quality models. These newly-developed models, generated significantly more consistent results than the United States Soil Laboratory (USSL) diagram, addressed the inherent uncertainty in threshold data, and were effective in assessing groundwater quality for agricultural uses. The SFL model is recommended as it outperforms both MFL and LFL in terms of accuracy when assessing groundwater quality using irrigation indices.

    Consulter sur journals.pan.pl
  • Vesali Naseh, M., Noori, R., Berndtsson, R., Adamowski, J., & Sadatipour, E. (2018). Groundwater Pollution Sources Apportionment in the Ghaen Plain, Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010172
    Consulter sur www.mdpi.com
  • Verseghy, D. L. (2000). The Canadian land surface scheme (CLASS): Its history and future. Atmosphere-Ocean, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2000.9649637
    Consulter sur www.tandfonline.com
  • Wan, H., Zhang, X., & Zwiers, F. W. (2019). Human influence on Canadian temperatures. Climate Dynamics, 52(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4145-z

    Canada has experienced some of the most rapid warming on Earth over the past few decades with a warming rate about twice that of the global mean temperature since 1948. Long-term warming is observed in Canada’s annual, winter and summer mean temperatures, and in the annual coldest and hottest daytime and nighttime temperatures. The causes of these changes are assessed by comparing observed changes with climate model simulated responses to anthropogenic and natural (solar and volcanic) external forcings. Most of the observed warming of 1.7°C increase in annual mean temperature during 1948–2012 [90% confidence interval (1.1°, 2.2°C)] can only be explained by external forcing on the climate system, with anthropogenic influence being the dominant factor. It is estimated that anthropogenic forcing has contributed 1.0°C (0.6°, 1.5°C) and natural external forcing has contributed 0.2°C (0.1°, 0.3°C) to the observed warming. Up to 0.5°C of the observed warming trend may be associated with low frequency variability of the climate such as that represented by the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Overall, the influence of both anthropogenic and natural external forcing is clearly evident in Canada-wide mean and extreme temperatures, and can also be detected regionally over much of the country.

  • Warwade, P., Tiwari, S., Ranjan, S., Chandniha, S. K., & Adamowski, J. (2018). Spatio-temporal variation of rainfall over Bihar State, India. Journal of Water and Land Development, 36(1), 183–197. https://doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2018-0018

    Abstract This study detected, for the first time, the long term annual and seasonal rainfall trends over Bihar state, India, between 1901 and 2002. The shift change point was identified with the cumulative deviation test (cumulative sum – CUSUM), and linear regression. After the shift change point was detected, the time series was subdivided into two groups: before and after the change point. Arc-Map 10.3 was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of the trends. It was found that annual and monsoon rainfall trends decreased significantly; no significant trends were observed in pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter rainfall. The average decline in rainfall rate was –2.17 mm·year −1 and –2.13 mm·year −1 for the annual and monsoon periods. The probable change point was 1956. The number of negative extreme events were higher in the later period (1957–2002) than the earlier period (1901–1956).

    Consulter sur journals.pan.pl
  • Wallemacq, P., Debarati Guha-Sapir, McClean, D., CRED, & UNISDR. (2015). The Human Cost of Weather Related Disasters - 1995 - 2015. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17677.33769
    Consulter sur rgdoi.net
  • Wazneh, H., Chebana, F., & Ouarda, T. B. M. J. (2015). Delineation of homogeneous regions for regional frequency analysis using statistical depth function. Journal of Hydrology, 521, 232–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.11.068
    Consulter sur linkinghub.elsevier.com
  • Yang, S., Sheng, D., Adamowski, J., Gong, Y., Zhang, J., & Cao, J. (2018). Effect of Land Use Change on Soil Carbon Storage over the Last 40 Years in the Shi Yang River Basin, China. Land, 7(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7010011
    Consulter sur www.mdpi.com
  • Enenkel, M., Guha-Sapir, D., & Zaitchik, B. (2024). Human losses due to climate-related disasters: an urgent call for quality control. Environmental Research Letters, 19(7), 071001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad58fb
    Consulter sur iopscience.iop.org
  • Dion, P., Martel, J.-L., & Arsenault, R. (2021). Hydrological ensemble forecasting using a multi-model framework. Journal of Hydrology, 600, 126537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126537
    Consulter sur linkinghub.elsevier.com
  • Dundon, L. A., & Camp, J. S. (2021). Climate justice and home-buyout programs: renters as a forgotten population in managed retreat actions. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-021-00691-4
    Consulter sur link.springer.com
  • Durocher, M., Requena, A. I., Burn, D. H., & Pellerin, J. (2019). Analysis of trends in annual streamflow to the Arctic Ocean. Hydrological Processes, 33(7), 1143–1151. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13392

    Abstract There is increasing interest in the magnitude of the flow of freshwater to the Arctic Ocean due to its impacts on the biogeophysical and socio‐economic systems in the north and its influence on global climate. This study examines freshwater flow based on a dataset of 72 rivers that either directly or indirectly contribute flow to the Arctic Ocean or reflect the hydrologic regime of areas contributing flow to the Arctic Ocean. Annual streamflow for the 72 rivers is categorized as to the nature and location of the contribution to the Arctic Ocean, and composite series of annual flows are determined for each category for the period 1975 to 2015. A trend analysis is then conducted for the annual discharge series assembled for each category. The results reveal a general increase in freshwater flow to the Arctic Ocean with this increase being more prominent from the Eurasian rivers than from the North American rivers. A comparison with trends obtained from an earlier study ending in 2000 indicates similar trend response from the Eurasian rivers, but dramatic differences from some of the North American rivers. A total annual discharge increase of 8.7 km 3 /y/y is found, with an annual discharge increase of 5.8 km 3 /y/y observed for the rivers directly flowing to the Arctic Ocean. The influence of annual or seasonal climate oscillation indices on annual discharge series is also assessed. Several river categories are found to have significant correlations with the Arctic Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. However, no significant association with climate indices is found for the river categories leading to the largest freshwater contribution to the Arctic Ocean.

    Consulter sur onlinelibrary.wiley.com
  • Diro, G. T., Sushama, L., & Huziy, O. (2018). Snow-atmosphere coupling and its impact on temperature variability and extremes over North America. Climate Dynamics, 50(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3788-5

    The impact of snow-atmosphere coupling on climate variability and extremes over North America is investigated using modeling experiments with the fifth generation Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5). To this end, two CRCM5 simulations driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis for the 1981–2010 period are performed, where snow cover and depth are prescribed (uncoupled) in one simulation while they evolve interactively (coupled) during model integration in the second one. Results indicate systematic influence of snow cover and snow depth variability on the inter-annual variability of soil and air temperatures during winter and spring seasons. Inter-annual variability of air temperature is larger in the coupled simulation, with snow cover and depth variability accounting for 40–60% of winter temperature variability over the Mid-west, Northern Great Plains and over the Canadian Prairies. The contribution of snow variability reaches even more than 70% during spring and the regions of high snow-temperature coupling extend north of the boreal forests. The dominant process contributing to the snow-atmosphere coupling is the albedo effect in winter, while the hydrological effect controls the coupling in spring. Snow cover/depth variability at different locations is also found to affect extremes. For instance, variability of cold-spell characteristics is sensitive to snow cover/depth variation over the Mid-west and Northern Great Plains, whereas, warm-spell variability is sensitive to snow variation primarily in regions with climatologically extensive snow cover such as northeast Canada and the Rockies. Furthermore, snow-atmosphere interactions appear to have contributed to enhancing the number of cold spell days during the 2002 spring, which is the coldest recorded during the study period, by over 50%, over western North America. Additional results also provide useful information on the importance of the interactions of snow with large-scale mode of variability in modulating temperature extreme characteristics.

  • Diaconescu, E. P., Mailhot, A., Brown, R., & Chaumont, D. (2018). Evaluation of CORDEX-Arctic daily precipitation and temperature-based climate indices over Canadian Arctic land areas. Climate Dynamics, 50(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3736-4

    This study focuses on the evaluation of daily precipitation and temperature climate indices and extremes simulated by an ensemble of 12 Regional Climate Model (RCM) simulations from the ARCTIC-CORDEX experiment with surface observations in the Canadian Arctic from the Adjusted Historical Canadian Climate Dataset. Five global reanalyses products (ERA-Interim, JRA55, MERRA, CFSR and GMFD) are also included in the evaluation to assess their potential for RCM evaluation in data sparse regions. The study evaluated the means and annual anomaly distributions of indices over the 1980–2004 dataset overlap period. The results showed that RCM and reanalysis performance varied with the climate variables being evaluated. Most RCMs and reanalyses were able to simulate well climate indices related to mean air temperature and hot extremes over most of the Canadian Arctic, with the exception of the Yukon region where models displayed the largest biases related to topographic effects. Overall performance was generally poor for indices related to cold extremes. Likewise, only a few RCM simulations and reanalyses were able to provide realistic simulations of precipitation extreme indicators. The multi-reanalysis ensemble provided superior results to individual datasets for climate indicators related to mean air temperature and hot extremes, but not for other indicators. These results support the use of reanalyses as reference datasets for the evaluation of RCM mean air temperature and hot extremes over northern Canada, but not for cold extremes and precipitation indices.

  • Durnford, D., Fortin, V., Smith, G. C., Archambault, B., Deacu, D., Dupont, F., Dyck, S., Martinez, Y., Klyszejko, E., MacKay, M., Liu, L., Pellerin, P., Pietroniro, A., Roy, F., Vu, V.-D., Winter, B., Yu, W., Spence, C., Bruxer, J., & Dickhout, J. (2017). Toward an Operational Water Cycle Prediction System for the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 99(3). https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0155.1

    AbstractIn this time of a changing climate, it is important to know whether lake levels will rise, potentially causing flooding, or river flows will dry up during abnormally dry weather. The Great Lakes region is the largest freshwater lake system in the world. Moreover, agriculture, industry, commerce, and shipping are active in this densely populated region. Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) recently implemented the Water Cycle Prediction System (WCPS) over the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River watershed (WCPS-GLS version 1.0) following a decade of research and development. WCPS, a network of linked models, simulates the complete water cycle, following water as it moves from the atmosphere to the surface, through the river network and into lakes, and back to the atmosphere. Information concerning the water cycle is passed between the models. WCPS is the first short-to-medium-range prediction system of the complete water cycle to be run on an operational basis anywhere. It currently produces ...

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