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Les événements météorologiques extrêmes (EME) et les désastres qu’ils entrainent provoquent des conséquences psychosociales qui sont modulées en fonction de différents facteurs sociaux. On constate aussi que les récits médiatiques et culturels qui circulent au sujet des EME ne sont pas représentatifs de l’ensemble des expériences de personnes sinistrées : celles qui en subissent les conséquences les plus sévères tendent aussi à être celles qu’on « entend » le moins dans l’espace public. Ces personnes sont ainsi susceptibles de vivre de l’injustice épistémique, ce qui a des effets délétères sur le soutien qu’elles reçoivent. Face à ces constats s’impose la nécessité de mieux comprendre la diversité des expériences d’EME et d’explorer des stratégies pour soutenir l’ensemble des personnes sinistrées dans leur rétablissement psychosocial. Cet article soutient que la recherche narrative peut contribuer à répondre à ces objectifs. En dépeignant des réalités multiples, la recherche narrative centrée sur les récits de personnes sinistrées présente aussi un intérêt significatif pour l’amélioration des pratiques d’intervention en contexte de désastre. , Extreme weather events (EWE) and their resulting disasters cause psychosocial consequences that are moderated by different social factors. Media and cultural accounts of EWEs do not represent the full range of disaster survivor experiences, that is, those who experienced the most severe consequences also tend to be those least “heard” in the public arena. These people are therefore most likely to experience forms of epistemic injustice that negatively impact the support offered to cope with disaster. Considering these findings, there is a need to better understand the diversity of EWE experiences and explore strategies for supporting all disaster survivors in their psychosocial recovery. This article argues that narrative research can help meet these needs. By portraying the multiple realities of people affected by EWEs, narrative research focusing on the stories of disaster survivors is also of significant interest for improving intervention practices in this context.

Questions have been raised about the correctness of water quality models with complete mixing assumptions in cross junctions of water distribution systems. Recent developments in the mixing phenomenon within cross junctions of water distribution networks (WDNs) have heightened the need for evaluating the existing incomplete mixing models under real-world conditions. Therefore, in this study, two cross junctions with pipe diameters of 100 Â 100 Â 100 Â 100 mm and 150 Â 150 Â 150 Â 150 mm were employed in laboratory experiments to evaluate six existing incomplete mixing models for 25 flow rate scenarios ranging between 1.5 and 3.0 L/s. It was observed that within the same flow rate scenario, the degree of mixing in a cross junction with a pipe relative roughness of 6.00 Â 10À5 (pipe diameter of 25 mm) was higher than that in a cross junction with a pipe relative roughness of 3.00 Â 10À5 (pipe diameter of 50 mm) and smaller. Considering the real-world size of pipes in evaluating the incomplete mixing models showed that two incomplete mixing models, AZRED and the one by Shao et al., had the best accordance with the results of the laboratory experiments.

Combined sewer surcharges in densely urbanized areas have become more frequent due to the expansion of impervious surfaces and intensified precipitation caused by climate change. These surcharges can generate system overflows, causing urban flooding and pollution of urban areas. This paper presents a novel methodology to mitigate sewer system surcharges and control surface water. In this methodology, flow control devices and urban landscape retrofitting are proposed as strategies to reduce water inflow into the sewer network and manage excess water on the surface during extreme rainfall events. For this purpose, a 1D/2D dual drainage model was developed for two case studies located in Montreal, Canada. Applying the proposed methodology to these two sites led to a reduction of the volume of wastewater overflows by 100% and 86%, and a decrease in the number of surface overflows by 100% and 71%, respectively, at the two sites for a 100-year return period 3-h Chicago design rainfall. It also controlled the extent of flooding, reduced the volume of uncontrolled surface floods by 78% and 80% and decreased flooded areas by 68% and 42%, respectively, at the two sites for the same design rainfall.

There is mounting pressure on (re)insurers to quantify the impacts of climate change, notably on the frequency and severity of claims due to weather events such as flooding. This is however a very challenging task for (re)insurers as it requires modeling at the scale of a portfolio and at a high enough spatial resolution to incorporate local climate change effects. In this paper, we introduce a data science approach to climate change risk assessment of pluvial flooding for insurance portfolios over Canada and the United States (US). The underlying flood occurrence model quantifies the financial impacts of short-term (12–48 h) precipitation dynamics over the present (2010–2030) and future climate (2040–2060) by leveraging statistical/machine learning and regional climate models. The flood occurrence model is designed for applications that do not require street-level precision as is often the case for scenario and trend analyses. It is applied at the full scale of Canada and the US over 10–25 km grids. Our analyses show that climate change and urbanization will typically increase losses over Canada and the US, while impacts are strongly heterogeneous from one state or province to another, or even within a territory. Portfolio applications highlight the importance for a (re)insurer to differentiate between future changes in hazard and exposure, as the latter may magnify or attenuate the impacts of climate change on losses.

Résumé L'hydrogéomorphologie étudie la dynamique des rivières en se concentrant sur les interactions liant la structure des écoulements, la mobilisation et le transport des sédiments et les morphologies qui caractérisent les cours d'eau et leur bassin‐versant. Elle offre un cadre d'analyse et des outils pour une meilleure intégration des connaissances sur la dynamique des rivières pour la gestion des cours d'eau au sens large, et plus spécifiquement, pour leur restauration, leur aménagement et pour l'évaluation et la prévention des risques liés aux aléas fluviaux. Au Québec, l'hydrogéomorphologie émerge comme contribution significative dans les approches de gestion et d'évaluation du risque et se trouve au cœur d'un changement de paradigme dans la gestion des cours d'eau par lequel la restauration des processus vise à augmenter la résilience des systèmes et des sociétés et à améliorer la qualité des environnements fluviaux. Cette contribution expose la trajectoire de l'hydrogéomorphologie au Québec à partir des publications scientifiques de géographes du Québec et discute des visées de la discipline en recherche et en intégration des connaissances pour la gestion des cours d'eau . , Abstract Hydrogeomorphology studies river dynamics, focusing on the interactions between flow structure, sediment transport, and the morphologies that characterize rivers and their watersheds. It provides an analytical framework and tools for better integrating knowledge of river dynamics into river management in the broadest sense, and more specifically, into river restoration as well as into the assessment and prevention of risks associated with fluvial hazards. In Quebec, hydrogeomorphology is emerging as a significant contribution to risk assessment and management approaches, and is at the heart of a paradigm shift in river management whereby process restoration aims to increase the resilience of fluvial systems and societies, and improve the quality of fluvial environments. This contribution outlines the trajectory of hydrogeomorphology in Quebec, based on scientific publications by Quebec geographers, and discusses the discipline's aims in research and knowledge integration for river management . , Messages clés Les géographes du Québec ont contribué fortement au développement des connaissances et outils de l'hydrogéomorphologie. L'hydrogéomorphologie a évolué d'une science fondamentale à une science où les connaissances fondamentales sont au service de la gestion des cours d'eau. L'hydrogéomorphologie et le cortège de connaissances et d'outils qu'elle promeut font de cette discipline une partenaire clé pour une gestion holistique des cours d'eau.

Abstract Overcooled talus slopes are generally described as islands of sporadic permafrost below the lower alpine limit of permafrost. The negative thermal anomaly of the ground is mainly consecutive to the internal ventilation of the deposit, but it is also conditioned by multiple factors as topography, slope aspect and incline, openwork structure and coarseness of the deposit, air temperature, solar radiation and wind regime. Therefore, the study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of ventilation processes allows a better understanding of the phenomenon. At Cannon Cliff, New Hampshire (USA), several field visits and environmental monitoring allowed us to describe the varying nature and significance of the ventilation mechanisms that can be observed at the ground surface and associated with both the intensity and direction of the airflows in a talus debris accumulation/protalus rampart system. The thermal negative anomalies are strong enough to lower the ground temperature to the point of preserving ice during the late spring and summer seasons. The monitoring of the gradient between external (air) and internal (talus) temperatures coupled with several dendroecological and geomorphological analyses provided a complete environmental picture of the impacts, feedback and extent of the phenomenon.

Agriculture is the traditional and leading field of economy of Tetritskaro Municipality, but faces the challenge of changing climate. The study investigates male and female farmers’ perception of climate change issues in Tetritskaro, their main source of information, adaptation measures choosen and their needs. Climate change data available in Tetritskaro focused on characteristic extreme weather events coupled with face-to-face interviews from 254 farmers (male - 53%, female - 47%) was analyzed. The study revealed that men and women have more or less similar perceptions of climate change issues. For male farmers, the main source of information on climate, seasonal prediction and weather forecast is conversations with fellow farmers, and for female farmers it is indigenous knowledge of the local environment. Male and female farmers, have adapted to the changes in climate similarly applying measures such as pesticides, fertilizer and irrigation, early sowing, and earlier harvest, while the exchange of information between fellow farmers, use of various hail protection products and crop diversification techniques is more frequent among male farmers. Farmers expressed the need for low interest loans to purchase agricultural products, equipment and restore/create windbreak zones. Most of the male farmers indicate the need for introduction new technologies, while female farmers are more in need of information and training in agricultural activities. The study shows the need for development of climate change adaptation policies and interventions in Tetritskaro. Obtained results can be used not only in other agricultural regions of Georgia, but in other countries with the same problems. , Agriculture is the traditional and leading field of economy of Tetritskaro Municipality, but faces the challenge of changing climate. The study investigates male and female farmers’ perception of climate change issues in Tetritskaro, their main source of information, adaptation measures choosen and their needs. Climate change data available in Tetritskaro focused on characteristic extreme weather events coupled with face-to-face interviews from 254 farmers (male - 53%, female - 47%) was analyzed. The study revealed that men and women have more or less similar perceptions of climate change issues. For male farmers, the main source of information on climate, seasonal prediction and weather forecast is conversations with fellow farmers, and for female farmers it is indigenous knowledge of the local environment. Male and female farmers, have adapted to the changes in climate similarly applying measures such as pesticides, fertilizer and irrigation, early sowing, and earlier harvest, while the exchange of information between fellow farmers, use of various hail protection products and crop diversification techniques is more frequent among male farmers. Farmers expressed the need for low interest loans to purchase agricultural products, equipment and restore/create windbreak zones. Most of the male farmers indicate the need for introduction new technologies, while female farmers are more in need of information and training in agricultural activities. The study shows the need for development of climate change adaptation policies and interventions in Tetritskaro. Obtained results can be used not only in other agricultural regions of Georgia, but in other countries with the same problems.

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder prevalence more than quadrupled in the United States between 2000 and 2020. Ice storm-related prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) predicts autistic-like trait severity in children exposed early in gestation. The objective was to determine the extent to which PNMS influences the severity and trajectory of autistic-like traits in prenatally flood-exposed children at ages 4–7 years and to test moderation by sex and gestational timing. Soon after the June 2008 floods in Iowa, USA, 268 women pregnant during the disaster were assessed for objective hardship, subjective distress, and cognitive appraisal of the experience. When their children were 4, 5½, and 7 years old, mothers completed the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) to assess their children’s autistic-like traits; 137 mothers completed the SCQ for at least one age. The final longitudinal multilevel model showed that the greater the maternal subjective distress, the more severe the child’s autistic-like traits, controlling for objective hardship. The effect of PNMS on rate of change was not significant, and there were no significant main effects or interactions involving sex or timing. Prenatal maternal subjective distress, but not objective hardship or cognitive appraisal, predicted more severe autistic-like traits at age 4, and this effect remained stable through age 7.

Abstract. Large-scale socioeconomic studies of the impacts of floods are difficult and costly for countries such as Canada and the United States due to the large number of rivers and size of watersheds. Such studies are however very important for analyzing spatial patterns and temporal trends to inform large-scale flood risk management decisions and policies. In this paper, we present different flood occurrence and impact models based upon statistical and machine learning methods of over 31 000 watersheds spread across Canada and the US. The models can be quickly calibrated and thereby easily run predictions over thousands of scenarios in a matter of minutes. As applications of the models, we present the geographical distribution of the modelled average annual number of people displaced due to flooding in Canada and the US, as well as various scenario analyses. We find for example that an increase of 10 % in average precipitation yields an increase in the displaced population of 18 % in Canada and 14 % in the US. The model can therefore be used by a broad range of end users ranging from climate scientists to economists who seek to translate climate and socioeconomic scenarios into flood probabilities and impacts measured in terms of the displaced population.