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Atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations have increased to 2.5 times their pre-industrial levels, with a marked acceleration in recent decades. CH4 is responsible for approximately 30% of the global temperature rise since the Industrial Revolution. This growing concentration contributes to environmental degradation, including ocean acidification, accelerated climate change, and a rise in natural disasters. The column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of methane (XCH4) is a crucial indicator for assessing atmospheric CH4 levels. In this study, the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI instrument was employed to monitor, map, and estimate CH4 concentrations on both regional and global scales. However, TROPOMI data exhibits limitations such as spatial gaps and relatively coarse resolution, particularly at regional scales or over small areas. To mitigate these limitations, a novel Convolutional Neural Network Autoencoder (CNN-AE) model was developed. Validation was performed using the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), providing a benchmark for evaluating the accuracy of various interpolation and prediction models. The CNN-AE model demonstrated the highest accuracy in regional-scale analysis, achieving a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 28.48 ppb and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 30.07 ppb. This was followed by the Random Forest (RF) regressor (MAE: 29.07 ppb; RMSE: 36.89 ppb), GridData Nearest Neighbor Interpolator (NNI) (MAE: 30.06 ppb; RMSE: 32.14 ppb), and the Radial Basis Function (RBF) Interpolator (MAE: 80.23 ppb; RMSE: 90.54 ppb). On a global scale, the CNN-AE again outperformed other methods, yielding the lowest MAE and RMSE (19.78 and 24.7 ppb, respectively), followed by RF (21.46 and 27.23 ppb), GridData NNI (25.3 and 32.62 ppb), and RBF (43.08 and 54.93 ppb).

ABSTRACT Urbanization is leading to more frequent flooding as cities have more impervious surfaces and runoff exceeds the capacity of combined sewer systems. In heavy rainfall, contaminated excess water is discharged into the natural environment, damaging ecosystems and threatening drinking water sources. To address these challenges aggravated by climate change, urban blue-green water management systems, such as bioretention cells, are increasingly being adopted. Bioretention cells use substrate and plants adapted to the climate to manage rainwater. They form shallow depressions, allowing infiltration, storage, and gradual evacuation of runoff. In 2018, the City of Trois-Rivières (Québec, Canada) installed 54 bioretention cells along a residential street, several of which were equipped with access points to monitor performance. Groundwater quality was monitored through the installation of piezometers to detect potential contamination. This large-scale project aimed to improve stormwater quality and reduce sewer flows. The studied bioretention cells reduced the flow and generally improved water quality entering the sewer system, as well as the quality of stormwater, with some exceptions. Higher outflow concentrations were observed for contaminants such as manganese and nitrate. The results of this initiative provide useful recommendations for similar projects for urban climate change adaptation.

AbstractThe frequency and severity of floods has increased in different regions of the world due to climate change. Although the impact of floods on human health has been extensively studied, the increase in the segments of the population that are likely to be impacted by floods in the future makes it necessary to examine how adaptation measures impact the mental health of individuals affected by these natural disasters. The goal of this scoping review is to document the existing studies on flood adaptation measures and their impact on the mental health of affected populations, in order to identify the best preventive strategies as well as limitations that deserve further exploration. This study employed the methodology of the PRISMA-ScR extension for scoping reviews to systematically search the databases Medline and Web of Science to identify studies that examined the impact of adaptation measures on the mental health of flood victims. The database queries resulted in a total of 857 records from both databases. Following two rounds of screening, 9 studies were included for full-text analysis. Most of the analyzed studies sought to identify the factors that drive resilience in flood victims, particularly in the context of social capital (6 studies), whereas the remaining studies analyzed the impact of external interventions on the mental health of flood victims, either from preventive or post-disaster measures (3 studies). There is a very limited number of studies that analyze the impact of adaptation measures on the mental health of populations and individuals affected by floods, which complicates the generalizability of their findings. There is a need for public health policies and guidelines for the development of flood adaptation measures that adequately consider a social component that can be used to support the mental health of flood victims.

Combined sewer surcharges in densely urbanized areas have become more frequent due to the expansion of impervious surfaces and intensified precipitation caused by climate change. These surcharges can generate system overflows, causing urban flooding and pollution of urban areas. This paper presents a novel methodology to mitigate sewer system surcharges and control surface water. In this methodology, flow control devices and urban landscape retrofitting are proposed as strategies to reduce water inflow into the sewer network and manage excess water on the surface during extreme rainfall events. For this purpose, a 1D/2D dual drainage model was developed for two case studies located in Montreal, Canada. Applying the proposed methodology to these two sites led to a reduction of the volume of wastewater overflows by 100% and 86%, and a decrease in the number of surface overflows by 100% and 71%, respectively, at the two sites for a 100-year return period 3-h Chicago design rainfall. It also controlled the extent of flooding, reduced the volume of uncontrolled surface floods by 78% and 80% and decreased flooded areas by 68% and 42%, respectively, at the two sites for the same design rainfall.

Geohazards associated with the dynamics of the liquid and solid water of the Earth’s hydrosphere, such as floods and glacial processes, may pose significant risks to populations, activities and properties [...]

Floods are the most common natural hazard worldwide. GARI is a flood risk management and analysis tool that is being developed by the Environmental and Nordic Remote Sensing Group (TENOR) of INRS in Quebec City (Canada). Beyond mapping the flooded areas and water levels, GARI allows for the estimation, analysis and visualization of flood risks for individuals, residential buildings, and population. Information can therefore be used during the different phases of flood risk management. In the operational phase, GARI can use satellite radar images to map in near real-time the flooded areas and water levels. It uses an innovative approach that combines Radarsat-2 and hydraulic data, specifically flood return period data. Information from the GARI enable municipalities and individuals to anticipate the impacts of a flood in a given area, to mitigate these impacts, to prepare, and to better coordinate their actions during a flood.

<p>Spring floods have generated colossal damages to residential areas in the Province of Quebec, Canada, in 2017 and 2019. Government authorities need accurate modelling of the impact of theoretical floods in order to prioritize pre-disaster mitigation projects to reduce vulnerability. They also need accurate modelling of forecasted floods in order to direct emergency responses. </p><p>We present a governmental-academic collaboration that aims at modelling flood impact for both theoretical and forecasted flooding events over all populated river reaches of meridional Quebec. The project, funded by the ministère de la Sécurité publique du Québec (Quebec ministry in charge of public security), consists in developing a diagnostic tool and methods to assess the risk and impacts of flooding. Tools under development are intended to be used primarily by policy makers. </p><p>The project relies on water level data based on the hydrological regimes of nearly 25,000 km of rivers, on high-precision digital terrain models, and on a detailed database of building footprints and characterizations. It also relies on 24h and 48h forecasts of maximum flow for the subject rivers. The developed tools integrate large data sets and heterogeneous data sources and produce insightful metrics on the physical extent and costs of floods and on their impact on the population. The software also provides precise information about each building affected by rising water, including an estimated cost of the damages and impact on inhabitants.  </p>

The blockage of water intakes by ice is recurrent in northern rivers during winter. Previous field studies have monitored field conditions leading to ice blockage and provided a review of mitigations methods. However, to improve the efficacy of these measures, the mechanisms that create the blockage need to be locally measured. For this purpose, a field campaign was implemented to monitor a water intake on the Mille-Iles River at Terrebonne, Quebec, during the winter of 2020–2021. Results from this study showed that ice accumulation on the trash rack had an average growth rate of 1.35 cm/h and reached a maximum thickness of 24 cm. The release rate of these trash rack accumulation events was on average 1.8 cm/h, which is 30% faster than the deposition rate. A minimum cumulative degree minutes of supercooling of 4.5 °C.min was required for the start of a trash-rack ice-accumulation event.

<p>In snow-prone regions, snowmelt is one of the main drivers of runoff. For operational flood forecasting and mitigation, the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) in near real time is necessary. In this context, in situ observations of SWE provide a valuable information. Nonetheless, the high spatial variability of snowpack characteristics makes it necessary to implement some kind of snow modelling to get a spatially continuous estimation. Data assimilation is thus a useful approach to combine information from both observation and modeling in near real-time. </p><p>For example, at the provincial government of Quebec (eastern Canada), the HYDROTEL Snowpack Model is applied on a daily basis over a 0.1 degree resolution mesh covering the whole province. The modelled SWE is corrected in real time by in situ manual snow survey which are assimilated using a spatial particles filter (Cantet et al., 2019). This assimilation method improves the reliability of SWE estimation at ungauged sites.</p><p>The availability of manual snow surveys is however limited both in space and time. These measurements are conducted on a bi-weekly basis in a limited number of sites. In order to further improve the temporal and spatial observation coverage, alternative sources of data should be considered.</p><p>In this research, it is hypothesized that data gathered by SR50 sonic sensors can be assimilated in the spatial particle filter to improve the SWE estimation. These automatic sensors provide hourly measurements of snow depth and have been deployed in Quebec since 2005. Beforehand, probabilistic SWE estimations were derived from the SR50 snow depth measurements using an ensemble of artificial neural networks (Odry et al. 2019). Considering the nature of the data and the conversion process, the uncertainty associated with this dataset is supposed larger than for the manual snow surveys. The objective of the research is to evaluate the potential interest of adding this lower-quality information in the assimilation framework.</p><p>The addition of frequent but uncertain data in the spatial particle filter required some adjustments in term of assimilation frequency and particle resampling. A reordering of the particles was implemented to maintain the spatial coherence between the different particles. With these changes, the consideration of both manual snow surveys and SR50 data in the spatial particle filter reached performances that are comparable to the initial particle filter that combines only the model and manual snow survey for estimating SWE in ungauged sites. However, the addition of SR50 data in the particle filter allows for continuous information in time, between manual snow surveys.</p><p> </p><p><strong>References:</strong></p><p>Cantet, P., Boucher, M.-A., Lachance-Coutier, S., Turcotte, R., Fortin, V. (2019). Using a particle filter to estimate the spatial distribution of the snowpack water equivalent. J. Hydrometeorol, 20.</p><p>Odry, J., Boucher, M.-A., Cantet,P., Lachance-Cloutier, S., Turcotte, R., St-Louis, P.-Y. (2019). Using artificial neural networks to estimate snow water equivalent from snow depth. Canadian water ressources journal (under review)</p>

RÉSUMÉ : Les relocalisations de populations et les démolitions de bâtiments sont des moyens pour réduire les risques associés aux inondations, dont ceux pour la santé humaine. Au Québec, l’usage de ces mesures pourrait s’accroître avec les changements climatiques. En Chaudière-Appalaches, au moins 404 bâtiments ont été démolis à Sainte-Marie et 88 à Scott après les inondations de 2019. L’expérience de démolition de domiciles post-inondation est toutefois peu documentée au Québec et encore moins selon le point de vue des personnes touchées, particulièrement chez les hommes. Ce mémoire présente les résultats d’une étude ayant documenté cette expérience auprès de treize hommes propriétaires d’un domicile dans la MRC Nouvelle-Beauce à partir d'entretiens semi-dirigés (méthode photo-élicitation) et d’un groupe de discussion. Cette étude repose sur l’expérience clinique de l’étudiante-chercheuse qui a constaté la présence de détresse chez la population masculine touchée par ce phénomène et sur la littérature scientifique qui démontre une plus faible propension à l’usage de services psychosociaux et de santé chez les hommes. À partir d’une analyse thématique inspirée du cadre théorique « Psychological Processes That Influence Adaptation to and Coping With Climate Change » de Reser et Swim et d’une perspective écosystémique, quatre nouvelles phases ont été dégagées soient : l’inondation, les démarches administratives, la démolition et la relocalisation. Chacune est caractérisée par des besoins et des impacts psychosociaux systémiques, l’usage de stratégies adaptatives spécifiques et des moments critiques pour la santé et le bien-être des hommes. Les résultats suggèrent que des impacts et besoins individuels et collectifs peuvent se cumuler et se prolonger dans le temps comme des manifestations anxio-dépressives ou traumatiques, de la détresse, une désaffiliation sociale ainsi qu’une modification de projets de vie. Une réduction de l’exposition aux inondations et une augmentation du bien-être et de la sécurité ressortent également. La proactivité, les pensées axées sur l’autonomie et le recours au soutien informel sont apparues comme des stratégies aidantes comparativement au repli sur soi et au surinvestissement dans le travail. Les résultats permettent d’exposer des pistes de réflexion et d’action favorisant le bien-être des hommes et d’autres pertinentes pour le travail social. Parmi celles-ci se trouvent d’encourager les hommes touchés par la démolition de leur domicile post-inondation à s’investir dans leur nouveau milieu de vie pour favoriser son appropriation et sa personnalisation ainsi que des recommandations pour le travail social de prendre en compte le genre dans la compréhension des problèmes socioenvironnementaux. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en français : Inondation, chez-soi, hommes, changements climatiques, travail social, désastre, besoins psychosociaux, adaptation, mesures d’atténuation du risque, événements météorologiques extrêmes. -- ABSTRACT : Population relocation and building demolition are ways of reducing the risks associated with flooding, including those to human health. In Quebec, the use of these measures could increase with climate change. In Chaudière-Appalaches, at least 404 buildings were demolished in Sainte-Marie and 88 in Scott after the 2019 floods. However, the experience of post-flood home demolition is poorly documented in Quebec, and even less so from the perspective of those affected, specifically men. This memoir presents the results of a study that documented this experience with thirteen male homeowners in the Nouvelle-Beauce MRC using semi-directed interviews (photo-elicitation method) and a focus group. This study is based on the student-researcher's clinical experience of distress among the male population affected by this phenomenon, and on scientific literature demonstrating a lower propensity to use psychosocial and health services among men. Based on a thematic analysis inspired by the Reser and Swim’s theoretical framework, the Psychological Processes That Influence Adaptation to and Coping With Climate Change, and an ecosystem perspective, four new phases were identified: flooding, administrative procedures, demolition and relocation. Each is characterized by systemic psychosocial needs and impacts, the use of specific adaptive strategies and critical moments for men's health and well-being. The results suggest that individual and collective needs and impacts can accumulate and extend over time, such as anxio-depressive or traumatic manifestations, distress, social disaffiliation and changes in life plans. A reduction in exposure to flooding and an increase in well-being and safety also stand out. Proactivity, autonomy-oriented thinking and reliance on informal support emerged as helpful strategies compared to withdrawal and over-investment in work. The results provide food for thought and action to promote men's well-being, and others relevant to social work. These include encouraging men affected by the demolition of their post-flood home to get involved in their new living environment to promote its appropriation and personalization and taking gender into account in understanding socioenvironmental problems. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en anglais : Flooding, home, men, climate change, social work, disaster, psychosocial needs, adaptation, risk mitigation measures, extreme weather events.

RÉSUMÉ : Pour atténuer les risques d'inondation au Québec mais aussi partout dans le monde, plusieurs organismes gouvernementaux et des organismes privés, qui ont dans leurs attributions la gestion des risques des catastrophes naturelles, continuent d'améliorer ou d'innover en matière d'outils qui peuvent les aider efficacement à la mitigation des risques d'inondation et aider la société à mieux s'adapter aux changements climatiques, ce qui implique des nouvelles technologies pour la conception de ces outils. Après les inondations de 2017, le ministère de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques (MELCC) du gouvernement du Québec, en collaboration avec d'autres ministères et organismes et soutenu par Ouranos, a initié le projet INFO-Crue qui vise d'une part, à revoir la cartographie des zones inondables et, d'autre part, à mieux outiller les communautés et les décideurs en leur fournissant une cartographie prévisionnelle des crues de rivières. De ce fait, l'objectif de notre travail de recherche est d'analyser de façon empirique les facteurs qui influencent l'adoption d'un outil prévisionnel des crues. La revue de la littérature couvre les inondations et les prévisions, les théories et les modèles d'acceptation de la technologie de l'information (TI). Pour atteindre l'objectif de recherche, le modèle développé s'est appuyé particulièrement sur le modèle qui combine les concepts de la théorie unifiée de l'acceptation et l'utilisation des technologies (UTAUT) de Venkatesh et al. (2003) avec le concept « risque d'utilisation ». Afin de répondre à notre objectif de recherche, nous avons utilisé une méthodologie de recherche quantitative hypothético-déductive. Une collecte de données à l'aide d'une enquête par questionnaire électronique a été réalisée auprès de 106 citoyens qui habitent dans des zones inondables. L'analyse des résultats concorde avec la littérature. La nouvelle variable « risque d'utilisation » rajoutée au modèle UTAUT a engendré trois variables qui sont : « risque psychologique d'utilisation »; « risque de performance de l'outil » et « perte de confiance ». Pour expliquer l'adoption d'un nouvel outil prévisionnel des crues, notre analyse a révélé que cinq variables à savoir : « l'utilité perçue », « la facilité d'utilisation », « l'influence sociale », « la perte de confiance » et « le risque psychologique » sont des facteurs significatifs pour l'adoption du nouvel outil prévisionnel. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en français : Inondation, Prévision, UTAUT, Adoption de la technologie, Risque perçu d'utilisation, facteurs d'adoption, Projet INFO-Crue. -- ABSTRACT : With the aim of mitigating flood risks in Canada as well as around the world, several government and private organizations that have the responsibility of natural hazard risk management, are working hard to improve or innovate the flood mitigation approaches that can help effectively reducing flood risks and helping people adapt to climate change. After the 2017 floods, the Ministry of the Environment and the Fight against Climate Change (MELCC) of the Government of Quebec, in collaboration with other ministries and organizations and supported by Ouranos, initiated the INFO-Crue project which aims at reviewing the mapping of flood zones and providing communities and decision-makers with a forecast mapping of river floods. In this context, the objective of our research is to analyze the factors that may influence the adoption of a flood forecasting tool. The literature review covers flood and forecasting, as well as technology adoption models. To achieve the goal of our research, a conceptual model that combines the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) of Venkatesh et al. (2003) with perceived use risk was developed. A quantitative research methodology was used, and we administrate an electronic questionnaire survey to 106 citizens who live in flood-plain area. Results analysis show that the new variable "perceived use risk" introduced in the model generates three variables which are: "psychological risk"; "performance risk" and "loss of trust". To explain the adoption of a new forecasting tool, our analysis revealed that the following five variables which are "perceived usefulness", "ease of use­", "social influence", "loss of trust" and "psychological risk" are significant factors for the adoption of the new forecasting tool. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en anglais : Flood, Forecasting, UTAUT, Technology Adoption, perceived Risk of use, adoption factors, INFO-Crue project.

Abstract : Flood forecasting plays a pivotal role in effective water resource management and flood risk mitigation. Despite recent advancements, existing ensemble forecasting systems often grapple with issues of unreliability and under-dispersion. The uncertainty in ensemble forecasts can emanate from various sources, including inputs like precipitation, temperature, and streamflow, as well as initial conditions, model structure and parameters, and boundary conditions. Over the past two decades, numerous endeavors have been made to address bias and under-dispersion through the introduction of various statistical post-processing methods in meteorological and hydrological forecasts. However, a significant challenge lies in selecting the appropriate method and strategy in the forecast chain. Limited research has addressed the integration of pre-processing and post-processing in streamflow ensemble forecasting. Moreover, existing studies have generally focused on lumped hydrological models, while the performance of this integration in distributed hydrological models remains scarcely examined. On the other hand, streamflow data, often indirectly measured through rating curves, are particularly susceptible to errors. While various methods have been proposed to estimate rating curve uncertainty (RCU), the impact of RCU on streamflow forecasting system performance remains underexplored. In addition, current post-processing methods utilized in streamflow forecasting systems have disregarded the inherent uncertainty in observational streamflow data. Thus, this thesis delves into the potential and hurdles associated with considering different sources of uncertainty in flood forecasting systems and their impact on system performance. The primary objectives entail 1) assessing and identifying optimal scenarios from pre-processing of both temperature and precipitation and post-processing of streamflow forecasts approaches, or a combination thereof, and 2) evaluating the consideration of rating curve uncertainty on flood forecasting system performance through incorporating into targeted post-processing methodologies. The thesis focuses on a short-range ensemble streamflow forecasting framework spanning lead times of 1 to 5 days for the au Saumon watershed in southern Quebec, Canada. This watershed, being flood-prone, encountered significant challenges during the 2019 and 2017 flood events, including widespread inundation, road closures, and damage to property and infrastructure. Enhancing streamflow ensemble forecasts and upgrading flood forecasting systems holds the potential to greatly benefit decision-makers and the local populace. Chapter 4 (Results part 1), presented as a scientific article, thus delves into assessing and employing various pre- and post-processing strategy scenarios within the flood forecasting framework employing a spatially distributed hydrological model. By applying different statistical processing and bias correction techniques, the performance and quality of ensemble streamflow forecasts were evaluated across different scenarios. The findings highlight biases and under-dispersion as significant factors affecting raw ensemble forecasts. Pre-processing partially improves raw forecasts but doesn't fully address bias in under-dispersed forecasts. Combining pre- and post-processing enhances forecast skill and reliability, albeit with some variations compared to post-processing alone. Integrating flood events into the training dataset and optimizing its length improves the effectiveness of processing methods, underscoring the critical role of data management strategies in enhancing streamflow forecasting systems. Subsequently, Chapter 5 (Results part 2) , evaluates the consideration of rating curve uncertainty, derived from the Voting Point Method (VPM) and Bayesian Rating curve (BaRatin) estimation methods, on the performance of streamflow ensemble forecasts by integrating into a targeted post-processing approach using Weighted Ensemble Dressing (WED) and Cumulative Distribution Function Matching (CDFM) post-processing methods. Post-processing without RCU enhances forecasting system skill and reliability but overlooks the inherent uncertainty in observational data, posing concerns about its effectiveness. Conversely, integrating RCU improves forecast skill, reliability, and effectively addresses observational data uncertainty, offering a notable advantage over traditional post-processing methods. Comparing WED and CDFM post-processing methods highlighted nuanced differences in forecast outcomes, influenced by uncertainty estimation techniques. Both methods showed favorable accuracy metrics, with RCU integration, especially from VPM, notably enhancing forecast quality. However, variations in RCU from different estimation methods may lead to forecast underestimation or overestimation, warranting careful consideration. These findings collectively shed light on the potential and challenges associated with incorporating different sources of uncertainty into flood forecasting systems.

En 2017 et en 2019, le Québec a vécu des inondations ayant provoqué d’importants dommages dans plus de 300 municipalités. Ces inondations ont mobilisé un grand nombre d’intervenantes et d’intervenants sociaux et municipaux afin d’assurer la sécurité et le bien-être des personnes sinistrées. Cet article présente le point de vue de ces personnes en lien avec les interventions psychosociales mises en place s’étant avérées efficaces pour atténuer ou prévenir l’apparition de problèmes de santé chez les individus sinistrés, ainsi que les facteurs organisationnels qui ont favorisé leur bon déroulement. Plusieurs types d’intervention psychosociale semblent avoir le potentiel de prévenir la détérioration de l’état de santé et le fonctionnement social des personnes sinistrées, dont l’adoption de l’approche « reaching out » et la mise en place d’équipes dédiées au rétablissement. , The floods that hit the province of Quebec in 2017 and 2019 resulted in significant damage to over 300 municipalities. Many social and municipal stakeholders were mobilized to ensure the safety and well-being of those affected by these floods. This article presents their point of view regarding the psychosocial interventions implemented. Interventions such as these have proven successful in mitigating or preventing health problems among disaster victims, as well as facilitating smooth operations. Psychosocial interventions, such as the “Reaching Out” approach and the creation of dedicated recovery teams, appear to be effective in preventing deterioration in the health status and social functioning of disaster victims.

The water content of wetlands represents a key driver of their hydrological services and it is highly dependent on short- and long-term weather conditions, which will change, to some extent, under evolving climate conditions. The impact on stream flows of this critical dynamic component of wetlands remains poorly studied. While hydrodynamic modelling provide a framework to describe the functioning of individual wetland, hydrological modelling offers the opportunity to assess their services at the watershed scale with respect to their type (i.e., isolated or riparian). This study uses a novel approach combining hydrological modelling and limited field monitoring, to explore the effectiveness of wetlands under changing climate conditions. To achieve this, two isolated wetlands and two riparian wetlands, located in the Becancour River watershed within the St Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada), were monitored using piezometers and stable water isotopes (δD – δ18O) between October 2013 and October 2014. For the watershed hydrology component of this study, reference (1986–2015) and future meteorological data (2041–2070) were used as inputs to the PHYSITEL/HYDROTEL modelling platform. Results obtained from in-situ data illustrate singular hydrological dynamics for each typology of wetlands (i.e., isolated and riparian) and support the hydrological modelling approach used in this study. Meanwhile, simulation results indicate that climate change could affect differently the hydrological dynamics of wetlands and associated services (e.g., storage and slow release of water), including their seasonal contribution (i.e., flood mitigation and low flow support) according to each wetland typology. The methodological framework proposed in this paper meets the requirements of a functional tool capable of anticipating hydrological changes in wetlands at both the land management scale and the watershed management scale. Accordingly, this framework represents a starting point towards the design of effective wetland conservation and/or restoration programs.

Given that flooding episodes are occurring at a greater rate due to climate change, individuals must adopt certain adaptation behaviors to prevent or mitigate the anticipated or negative impact of such events. However, few studies have assessed if and how households and individuals have actually taken action in this regard. Because some individual beliefs can be linked to facilitating factors and barriers to action, a better understanding of the adoption of adaptive behaviors requires a combined analysis of individual psychosocial factors. The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of the reasons underlying the adoption of behaviors related to structural adaptation to flooding by people living in or near flood-prone areas in the Province of Québec (Canada). Results of a series of structural equation modeling showed that behavioral, normative and control beliefs were all significant predictors of the respondents' intention to adopt structural flood protective behaviors, with normative beliefs being the strongest. By identifying the best psychosocial predictors of the adoption of such behaviors, the results of this study provide valuable insights regarding the most effective factors to be used in public health messages to promote the adoption of behaviors related to structural adaptation to flooding.

The effects of wetlands on stream flows are well established, namely mitigating flow regimes through water storage and slow water release. However, their effectiveness in reducing flood peaks and sustaining low flows is mainly driven by climate conditions and wetland type with respect to their connectivity to the hydrographic network (i.e. isolated or riparian wetlands). While some studies have demonstrated these hydrological functions/services, few of them have focused on the benefits to the hydrological regimes and their evolution under climate change (CC) and, thus, some gaps persist. The objective of this study was to further advance our knowledge with that respect. The PHYSITEL/HYDROTEL modelling platform was used to assess current and future states of watershed hydrology of the Becancour and Yamaska watersheds, Quebec, Canada. Simulation results showed that CC will induce similar changes on mean seasonal flows, namely larger and earlier spring flows leading to decreases in summer and fall flows. These expected changes will have different effects on 20-year and 100-year peak flows with respect to the considered watershed. Nevertheless, conservation of current wetland states should: (i) for the Becancour watershed, mitigate the potential increase in 2-year, 20-year and 100-year peak flows; and (ii) for the Yamaska watershed, accentuate the potential decrease in the aforementioned indicators. However, any loss of existing wetlands would be detrimental for 7-day 2-year and 10-year as well as 30-day 5-year low flows.

The increase in the frequency of floods, which is a projected consequence of climate change, can have wide-ranging health and economic impacts. To cope with these floods and to reduce their impacts, households can adopt some preventive behaviours. The main goal of this research was to compare the adoption of flood mitigation behaviours in three populations presenting distinctive characteristics with a valid and an invariant measure of behavioural adaptation, as well as a baseline measure (comparison group). The article also aims to test the moderated effect of having experienced a flood on the relation between the perception of risk of being flooded and the adoption of preventive behaviours. A survey was conducted in flood-prone areas and in some areas that were not at risk in Quebec, Canada, through phone interviews. Results confirmed that people who lived in an at-risk area and had experienced past flooding events are more inclined to adopt preventive behaviours than people who lived in an at-risk area but had never experienced such an event, and those who lived outside at-risk areas. In addition, our results indicate that the at-risk population who have never experienced a flood engage in few flood preventive behaviours. This is worrisome, as their rate of adopting adaptive behaviour is very similar to the one seen in populations living outside at-risk areas, despite the increased risk inherent to their situation. This could be partly explained by our data showing that around a quarter of the at-risk population did not know they were living in a flood-prone area. Our results show that communication efforts are necessary in order to better inform the population of the risk related to living in a flood-prone area and that incentives should be developed to help enhance the rate of preventive behaviours in at-risk populations having never experienced a flood.

Purpose The current pandemic and ongoing climate risks highlight the limited capacity of various systems, including health and social ones, to respond to population-scale and long-term threats. Practices to reduce the impacts on the health and well-being of populations must evolve from a reactive mode to preventive, proactive and concerted actions beginning at individual and community levels. Experiences and lessons learned from the pandemic will help to better prevent and reduce the psychosocial impacts of floods, or other hydroclimatic risks, in a climate change context. Design/methodology/approach The present paper first describes the complexity and the challenges associated with climate change and systemic risks. It also presents some systemic frameworks of mental health determinants, and provides an overview of the different types of psychosocial impacts of disasters. Through various Quebec case studies and using lessons learned from past and recent flood-related events, recommendations are made on how to better integrate individual and community factors in disaster response. Findings Results highlight the fact that people who have been affected by the events are significantly more likely to have mental health problems than those not exposed to flooding. They further demonstrate the adverse and long-term effects of floods on psychological health, notably stemming from indirect stressors at the community and institutional levels. Different strategies are proposed from individual-centered to systemic approaches, in putting forward the advantages from intersectoral and multirisk researches and interventions. Originality/value The establishment of an intersectoral flood network, namely the InterSectoral Flood Network of Québec (RIISQ), is presented as an interesting avenue to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and a systemic view of flood risks. Intersectoral work is proving to be a major issue in the management of systemic risks, and should concern communities, health and mental health professionals, and the various levels of governance. As climate change is called upon to lead to more and more systemic risks, close collaboration between all the areas concerned with the management of the factors of vulnerability and exposure of populations will be necessary to respond effectively to damages and impacts (direct and indirect) linked to new meteorological and compound hazards. This means as well to better integrate the communication managers into the risk management team.

Purpose The current pandemic and ongoing climate risks highlight the limited capacity of various systems, including health and social ones, to respond to population-scale and long-term threats. Practices to reduce the impacts on the health and well-being of populations must evolve from a reactive mode to preventive, proactive and concerted actions beginning at individual and community levels. Experiences and lessons learned from the pandemic will help to better prevent and reduce the psychosocial impacts of floods, or other hydroclimatic risks, in a climate change context. Design/methodology/approach The present paper first describes the complexity and the challenges associated with climate change and systemic risks. It also presents some systemic frameworks of mental health determinants, and provides an overview of the different types of psychosocial impacts of disasters. Through various Quebec case studies and using lessons learned from past and recent flood-related events, recommendations are made on how to better integrate individual and community factors in disaster response. Findings Results highlight the fact that people who have been affected by the events are significantly more likely to have mental health problems than those not exposed to flooding. They further demonstrate the adverse and long-term effects of floods on psychological health, notably stemming from indirect stressors at the community and institutional levels. Different strategies are proposed from individual-centered to systemic approaches, in putting forward the advantages from intersectoral and multirisk researches and interventions. Originality/value The establishment of an intersectoral flood network, namely the InterSectoral Flood Network of Québec (RIISQ), is presented as an interesting avenue to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and a systemic view of flood risks. Intersectoral work is proving to be a major issue in the management of systemic risks, and should concern communities, health and mental health professionals, and the various levels of governance. As climate change is called upon to lead to more and more systemic risks, close collaboration between all the areas concerned with the management of the factors of vulnerability and exposure of populations will be necessary to respond effectively to damages and impacts (direct and indirect) linked to new meteorological and compound hazards. This means as well to better integrate the communication managers into the risk management team.