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Note sur la traduction : Considéré comme le premier journal anarcha-féministe d’Amérique du Sud, La Voz de la Mujer paraît à Buenos Aires en 1896-1897 : il s’agit d’une publication semi-clandestine en raison du plaidoyer pour l’action directe qu’elle contient. Les rédactrices y critiquent de manière véhémente la religion, la société capitaliste et les inégalités entre hommes et femmes, d’où la devise « Ni dieu, ni patron, ni mari ». Nous reproduisons ici les éditoriaux des numéros 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 et 7 – le numéro 6 n’étant plus accessible. À plusieurs moments, nous avons fait le choix de l’écriture inclusive. Bien que volontairement anachronique, ce choix permet de souligner les intentions féministes des rédactrices et leurs idées novatrices concernant la maternité, le mariage et l’amour libre, et leur dénonciation du sexisme des militants anarchistes. La traduction cherche également à adapter certaines formules orales au contexte québécois du 21e siècle.

Traduction d'un extrait pièce Los empeños de una casa, de Sœur Juana Inés de la Cruz (1651-1695) ,une religieuse catholique mexicaine. Poète et dramaturge, elle est aussi compositrice et mathématicienne et est aujourd’hui célébrée comme l’une des premières féministes des Amériques. PRÉFIX Les tâches ménagères, extrait  |

Même si la misogynie et les agressions sexuelles sont des problèmes bien connus et depuis longtemps dénoncés par des féministes militant dans les réseaux de gauche et d’extrême-gauche, les textes d’analyse sur l’antiféminisme de gauche restent relativement rares dans la vaste production d’études sur l’antiféminisme en général

Dans cet article, nous proposons de poser les balises d’une approche interculturelle dite critique qui dépasserait les concepts clés de l’approche interculturelle, à savoir la culture et les compétences interculturelles (Cohen-Emerique et Rothberg, 2015; Legault, 2000). Au-delà de la considération des aspects communicationnels et subjectifs de l’interaction entre les cultures et les identités, il s’agit pour nous d’identifier, de reconnaître et d’intégrer les inégalités structurelles, les tensions contemporaines et le « nano-racisme » (Mbembe, 2016), c’est-à-dire celui qui se manifeste au quotidien à travers des interactions sociales. En d’autres mots, au-delà d’une approche interculturelle subjectiviste et interactionniste, nous proposons essentiellement de considérer de façon systémique le racisme pour promouvoir une approche interculturelle critique

Les stéréotypes de genre prescrivent aux mères, mais pas aux pères, de donner la priorité à leur famille plutôt qu’à leur travail. Par conséquent, l’intériorisation des stéréotypes de genre peut prédire une culpabilité plus élevée chez les mères que chez les pères dans des situations où ils privilégient leur travail plutôt que leur famille. L’étude 1 (135 mères et 116 pères) a en effet révélé que plus les stéréotypes de genre implicites des pères étaient forts (mesurés à l’aide d’une tâche d’association implicite genre-carrière), moins les pères se déclaraient coupables dans une situation fictive d’interférence du travail dans la famille. Bien que les mères aient en moyenne déclaré une culpabilité plus élevée que les pères, cet effet n’a pas été atténué par leurs stéréotypes de genre implicites. L’étude 2 (étude du journal quotidien auprès de 105 mères) a toutefois révélé des preuves de l’effet modérateur des stéréotypes de genre implicites sur la culpabilité des mères qui travaillent. Plus les stéréotypes de genre implicites des mères étaient forts, plus elles déclaraient avoir des conflits entre le travail et la famille et de la culpabilité les jours où elles travaillaient de longues heures. Ces résultats montrent que les stéréotypes de genre implicites façonnent la façon dont les parents perçoivent leurs choix travail-famille.

Gender and work are important social determinants of health, yet studies of health inequities related to the gendered and emotional intricacies of work are rare. Occupations high in emotional labour – a known job stressor – are associated with ill-health and typically dominated by women. Little is known about the mechanisms linking health with these emotional components of work. Using physiological and questionnaire data from Canadian police communicators, we adopt an embodied approach to understanding the relationship between gender norm conformity, emotional labour, and physiological dysregulation, or allostatic load. For high conformers, emotional labour leaves gendered traces in the flesh via increased allostatic load, suggesting that in this way, gendered structures in the workplace become embodied, influencing health through conformity to gender and emotion norms. Findings also reveal that dichotomous conceptions of gender may mask the impact of gendered structures, obscuring the consequences of gender for work-related stress.

Organizational sociologists argue that informal and formal rules within workplaces function to increase employee productivity and effectiveness, but can also have negative emotional consequences. Feeling rules, which are the emotional norms that regulate interpersonal interactions within the workplace are not applied equally; white women and professionals of color are expected to display deference in the face of emotionally-charged experiences at work, while their counterparts are given more flexibility in how they could display anger or annoyance. Scholars note that feeling rules work to reproduce extant gendered and racial hierarchies when expectations regarding worker productivity, effectiveness and outcomes are restricted on the basis of social identities. Analyzing sixteen semi-structured interviews with LGBTQ Center staff, we demonstrate the feeling rules are organized around employees’ ability to (1) (re)produce trauma in themselves during training sessions and (2) minimize students’ and their own anger throughout the workday. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

In this study, we draw on interview data from 62 matched different-sex, dual-career spouses raising young children to examine the mechanisms behind the gender gap in household labor during the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that the pandemic represents a unique case of social uncertainty and an opportunity to observe how structural conditions shape the gendered division of household labor. We find that under the rapid social transformation imposed by the pandemic, gender serves as an anchor and orienting frame for couples with young children. We argue that the pandemic (1) expanded traditional gender expectations to new domains of household labor and (2) heightened the importance of gendered explanations for the division of labor that justified intra-couple inequality. Our findings suggest that the particular structural conditions that characterize different times of uncertainty work through slightly different mechanisms, yet produce the same outcome: gender inequality, with long-lasting and wide-ranging implications. © The Author(s) 2022.

The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the home as a work environment, but the focus has centered on the experiences of paid workers. Stay-at-home mothers (SAHMs), for whom the home was already a workplace, have received little attention. This article explores how pandemic-induced lockdowns impacted SAHMs' working conditions and their experiences of childrearing. Combining a Marxist-feminist conceptualization of domestic labor with a labor process framework, we performed a qualitative content analysis of vignettes SAHMs shared about their day-to-day domestic labor in an online mothering community. Our findings show that, under lockdown conditions, the primacy given to partners' paid work combined with children's increased demands for care and attention reduced SAHMs work autonomy and exacerbated gender inequalities in the home. Combining labor process theory with literature on motherwork illuminates the home as a gendered work environment and enhances understanding of how changing conditions of domestic labor can intensify gender inequalities (and workers' awareness of them) that typically remain “hidden in the household.”. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Academic mothers perform intersected roles. They carry out their profession in workplaces, while they take the "second shift" of motherhood back to their families. The contested expectations in family and career built by the heterosexual matrix cause tension to academic mothers. We qualitatively investigate the interview data of six Chinese women academics on how they perform to negotiate their motherhood and academic work in the context of Chinese higher education, driven by the Butlerian theoretical concept of the heterosexual matrix. The findings suggest that Chinese academic mothers play a zero-sum game between being mothers and being academics, deriving from their ontological responsibilities of motherhood. We conclude that in the masculine academia, these women academics help maintain the heterosexual matrix by satisfying the gender normativity when they negotiate their performances in their family and career; meanwhile, most have developed some strategies to achieve their career advancement.; Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Bao and Wang.)

Objective: The authors examine how transnational caregiving for immigrant women encompasses a set of complex gendered relationships and roles as mothers and daughters across national borders. Background: Scholars have explored transnational motherhood for women who migrate, often in search of employment, while their children remain in their nation of origin. Much of this research has focused on how migration transforms mother-child relationships. Intergenerational relationships between immigrant mothers and their own mothers, and the emotional and economic care that facilitates these ties, are often left out of the picture of transnational family life. Methods: Through ethnographic work, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with 63 mothers from Latin America who migrated to the greater Boston metropolitan area. Additionally, the authors draw from extensive participant observation with mothers at home, school, and sites throughout their communities. Results: The authors theorize how Latina immigrant women are at the center of a web of multidirectional carework as they negotiate intergenerational responsibilities as mothers and daughters. The women in the present study orient their decisions, paid labor, and child-rearing around sustaining transnational familial relationships across generations. As a result, they provide emotional and economic care in multiple directions, including maintaining relationships between children and grandchildren, even as they adapt to ruptures in receiving care from their own mothers. Conclusion: The authors argue that despite the gendered labor this emotional and economic work entails, the immigrant mothers in the present study value their carework, which ultimately becomes a means for them to exert agency in the face of anti-immigrant policies and discourses.

This study examines the relationship between unpaid care work, financial well-being, and stress levels among women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic caused downturns in the economies of countries worldwide and led to uncertainties and changes that created conditions for increased stress levels and consequently impaired well-being. In addition to social distancing and lockdown measures to cope with the virus, working from home, home schooling, caring for sick and older family members, and financial problems have added burdens and have proven to be additional personal and family stressors. The findings are based on an online survey conducted among women during the second lockdown in Croatia. Additional unpaid care work and lower financial well-being affect the increased stress felt by women during the pandemic. This is especially pronounced among women who are more involved in paid work. During the pandemic, additional unpaid care work, increased involvement in paid work, and jeopardized financial well-being were stressors for women. Our results indicate the importance of women s free time for their own and their families 'well-being.

Stay-at-home-orders, online learning, and work from home policies are some of the responses governments, universities, and other institutions adopted to slow the spread of COVID-19. However, research shows these measures have increased pre-existing gender disparities in the workplace. The working conditions for women during the pandemic worsened due to increased family care responsibilities and unequal distribution of domestic labor. In the academy, working from home has resulted in reduced research time and increased teaching and family care responsibilities, with a larger proportion of that burden falling to women. We investigate the persistence of gender inequity among academic scientists resulting from university COVID-19 responses over time. We draw on two surveys administered in May 2020 and May 2021 to university-based biologists, biochemists, and civil and environmental engineers, to analyze how the pandemic response has disproportionately impacted women in academia and the endurance of those inequities. Results show significantly greater negative impacts from the pandemic on women’s research activities and work-life balance, compared to men. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results, and the need for the academy to better predict and adjust to the gender disparities its policies create.

Working from home is not gender neutral. As the COVID-19 pandemic has relocated all non-essential work to the home setting, it becomes imperative to examine the phenomenon through a gender lens. Accordingly, I conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 30 dual-earning married couples in India to study the gendered work-from-home experiences of men and women during the pandemic. The findings suggest that the pandemic has disproportionately increased the burden of unpaid work for women as compared to men. Women are negotiating gendered time–space arrangements within their households with the allocation of limited resources being in favor of men. When this interacts with work, gender inequalities are reinforced both at work and home. Gender roles and unpaid work determine women’s choices regarding when and where to work, boundary management between work and non-work domains, and their experiences of social isolation. Further, gender roles have also affected women’s decisions regarding returning to work post-pandemic, where some women may not be returning to work at all. Finally, the paper identifies how gender intersects with the existing conceptual frameworks of working from home, and makes a strong case for integrating gender considerations in the work-from-home policies. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

The aim of this study is to investigate what women do in disaster situations and how both men and women perceive and discuss the work of women. These patterns were evidenced in the stories that were told following the largest forest fire in the modern history of Sweden in July 2014. The study is based on 31 retrospective interviews with volunteers involved in combating the forest fire and concentrates on stories about the supportive work of women during this disaster. The results indicate that women were praised when they followed traditional norms but were denigrated when they performed what were viewed as male-coded tasks. The stories reveal norms concerning what a woman is and is not by focusing on women's age and clothing and by directly and indirectly questioning their abilities and authority. The norms are also rendered visible by the positive attention that women receive while describing doing what is expected of them

This paper addresses the question of how to organize care in degrowth societies that call for social and ecological sustainability, as well as gender and environmental justice, without prioritizing one over the other. By building on degrowth scholarship, feminist economics, the commons, and decolonial feminisms, we rebut the strategy of shifting yet more unpaid care work to the monetized economy, thereby reinforcing the separation structure in economics. A feminist degrowth imaginary implies destabilizing prevalent dichotomies and overcoming the (inherent hierarchization in the) boundary between the monetized economy and the invisibilized economy of socio-ecological provisioning. The paper proposes an incremental, emancipatory decommodification and a commonization of care in a sphere beyond the public/private divide, namely the sphere of communitarian and transformative caring commons, as they persist at the margins of capitalism and are (re-)created by social movements around the world.HIGHLIGHTS Degrowth aims at creating human flourishing within planetary boundaries.As feminist degrowth scholarship, this study discusses degrowth visions for care work.It problematizes the shifting of yet more unpaid care work to the monetized economy.Instead, it proposes collective (re)organization in the sphere of the commons.Caring commons are no automatism for a gender-just redistribution of care work.

Depuis de nombreuses années, les chercheurs attirent notre attention sur l’écart entre les sexes dans le travail domestique. Même lorsque les femmes occupent un emploi rémunéré, elles effectuent néanmoins la majorité des tâches ménagères dans la plupart des pays riches. En même temps, les catastrophes et les crises révèlent et exacerbent les inégalités sociales existantes. Dans cet article, nous nous demandons : de quelle manière la pandémie de COVID-19 a-t-elle contribué à l’écart entre les sexes dans le travail domestique, y compris la garde des enfants ? Que pensent les femmes et les hommes de cet écart ? En utilisant les données de la série d’enquêtes Perspectives canadiennes (vague 3), menée par Statistique Canada trois mois après le début de la pandémie, nos analyses examinent la répartition des tâches qui a rendu le travail domestique extrêmement inégal pendant la COVID-19, les femmes étant dix fois plus susceptibles que les hommes de dire que la garde des enfants leur incombait principalement, par exemple. Pourtant, dans presque tous nos modèles, les femmes n’ont pas systématiquement déclaré être plus insatisfaites de la répartition des tâches domestiques au sein du foyer, ni n’ont été plus susceptibles que les hommes de dire que la division du travail domestique « s’est détériorée » pendant la COVID ; cependant, les parents ont eu l’impression qu’elle s’était détériorée. Nous examinons les conséquences de ces résultats sur la santé mentale des femmes, le travail rémunéré à long terme et le pouvoir interpersonnel, et nous nous demandons pourquoi nous ne constatons pas de baisse de la satisfaction des femmes à l'égard de cette division du travail. Ces résultats mettent en lumière l'inégalité des sexes et la famille comme piliers permanents du capitalisme, et la façon dont la résistance structurelle et interpersonnelle à la pandémie se fait particulièrement sentir aux dépens des femmes.

Low sexual desire in women is usually studied as a problem, one that is located within women. However, other possibilities exist, including known gender inequities related to heteronormative gender roles. In this study, we provide the first test of the theory that heteronormativity is related to low sexual desire in women partnered with men, focusing specifically on inequities in the division of household labor. In two studies with women who were partnered with men and had children (Study 1, N = 677; Study 2, N = 396), performing a large proportion of household labor was associated with significantly lower sexual desire for a partner. Together, the results suggest that this association was mediated by both perceiving the partner as a dependent and perceiving the division of labor as unfair. These results support the heteronormativity theory of low sexual desire in women partnered with men, and show that gender inequities are important, though understudied, contributors to low desire in women partnered with men. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Des études démontrent que la convergence du néolibéralisme et des impératifs de la nouvelle gestion publique crée des conditions dans lesquelles les prestataires de services sociaux entreprennent divers types de travail non rémunéré, réaffirmant le rôle du genre dans la prestation de services. En s’appuyant sur ces arguments, cette étude explore le processus par lequel les pratiques non rémunérées restructurent le genre dans les organisations de services sociaux, en utilisant le concept de « travail invisible ». En appliquant la méthode d’enquête de l’ethnographie institutionnelle, nous examinons les expériences des travailleurs des services sociaux dans le secteur public israélien et opérationnalisons le travail non rémunéré comme des ressources personnelles informelles que les travailleurs fournissent aux clients. L’analyse de 185 entretiens approfondis a révélé trois principaux cadres discursifs que les travailleurs utilisent pour justifier la fourniture de ressources personnelles. Grâce à ces cadres, les pratiques informelles deviennent invisibles en tant que travail à plusieurs niveaux – pour soi-même, pour l’organisation et pour la société. Tout comme le travail invisible dans le ménage, son invisibilité sur le lieu de travail constitue une force principale dans la reproduction des organisations de services sociaux sexuées.

There is a growing concern that the COVID-19 pandemic has had disproportionate impacts on women, especially those with children. Female educators, and, in particular, those with childcare responsibilities, have also reported higher levels of stress and work-life challenges as compared to their male counterparts. It is unclear exactly which factors are behind these disparities. However, while some have pointed to the gendered division of domestic labor as the main contributor, other pandemic-related and work-related stressors may be involved in female educators’ increased stress levels and work-life balance challenges. To address this question, this mixed-methods research draws on survey data gathered from 752 educators across New York State. Findings demonstrate that women reported higher levels of stress and work-life balance challenges than their male counterparts. While quantitative analyses indicated that gender disparities in work-life balance challenges were related to the higher stress women experienced from work and COVID-19 rather than childcare responsibilities, qualitative analyses of open-ended survey responses revealed that childcare duties were nonetheless an important factor impacting work-life balance challenges for both men and women. This article has significant implications for the teaching profession and adds broader insights into the gendered effects of the pandemic. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.