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Les stéréotypes de genre prescrivent aux mères, mais pas aux pères, de donner la priorité à leur famille plutôt qu’à leur travail. Par conséquent, l’intériorisation des stéréotypes de genre peut prédire une culpabilité plus élevée chez les mères que chez les pères dans des situations où ils privilégient leur travail plutôt que leur famille. L’étude 1 (135 mères et 116 pères) a en effet révélé que plus les stéréotypes de genre implicites des pères étaient forts (mesurés à l’aide d’une tâche d’association implicite genre-carrière), moins les pères se déclaraient coupables dans une situation fictive d’interférence du travail dans la famille. Bien que les mères aient en moyenne déclaré une culpabilité plus élevée que les pères, cet effet n’a pas été atténué par leurs stéréotypes de genre implicites. L’étude 2 (étude du journal quotidien auprès de 105 mères) a toutefois révélé des preuves de l’effet modérateur des stéréotypes de genre implicites sur la culpabilité des mères qui travaillent. Plus les stéréotypes de genre implicites des mères étaient forts, plus elles déclaraient avoir des conflits entre le travail et la famille et de la culpabilité les jours où elles travaillaient de longues heures. Ces résultats montrent que les stéréotypes de genre implicites façonnent la façon dont les parents perçoivent leurs choix travail-famille.

In this study, we draw on interview data from 62 matched different-sex, dual-career spouses raising young children to examine the mechanisms behind the gender gap in household labor during the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that the pandemic represents a unique case of social uncertainty and an opportunity to observe how structural conditions shape the gendered division of household labor. We find that under the rapid social transformation imposed by the pandemic, gender serves as an anchor and orienting frame for couples with young children. We argue that the pandemic (1) expanded traditional gender expectations to new domains of household labor and (2) heightened the importance of gendered explanations for the division of labor that justified intra-couple inequality. Our findings suggest that the particular structural conditions that characterize different times of uncertainty work through slightly different mechanisms, yet produce the same outcome: gender inequality, with long-lasting and wide-ranging implications. © The Author(s) 2022.

The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the home as a work environment, but the focus has centered on the experiences of paid workers. Stay-at-home mothers (SAHMs), for whom the home was already a workplace, have received little attention. This article explores how pandemic-induced lockdowns impacted SAHMs' working conditions and their experiences of childrearing. Combining a Marxist-feminist conceptualization of domestic labor with a labor process framework, we performed a qualitative content analysis of vignettes SAHMs shared about their day-to-day domestic labor in an online mothering community. Our findings show that, under lockdown conditions, the primacy given to partners' paid work combined with children's increased demands for care and attention reduced SAHMs work autonomy and exacerbated gender inequalities in the home. Combining labor process theory with literature on motherwork illuminates the home as a gendered work environment and enhances understanding of how changing conditions of domestic labor can intensify gender inequalities (and workers' awareness of them) that typically remain “hidden in the household.”. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

La littérature scientifique a exploré de nombreux aspects relatifs à la notion de « violence », mais elle n’a jamais cherché à l’appréhender, à notre connaissance, en termes de généalogie vis-à-vis des mouvements féministes. Il s’avère par ailleurs que la formulation du concept de « violence obstétricale » est récente alors que l’expérience est ancienne. C’est ce paradoxe que cet article interroge. Plus précisément, cette contribution vise à élucider comment les mouvements féministes ont pu jouer un rôle facilitateur dans l’émergence de ce concept dont la généalogie s’ancre dans la réflexivité hospitalière et les mouvements féministes. En se saisissant de l’observation d’une association féministe engagée dans la pratique des accouchements alternatifs, cette étude vise à appréhender comment les dynamiques militantes ont ouvert la voie à ce nouveau concept. La recherche de terrain a permis d’identifier deux postures à partir d’entretiens mené auprès des usagères du système hospitalier. L’analyse de l’histoire de cette association montre que c’est un compromis interne à la rencontre entre ces deux postures qui a favorisé un espace de parole pour les parturientes et des négociations avec l’hôpital local pour des réalisations concrètes. La discussion analyse ces deux postures au prisme des points de vue féministes universaliste et différencialiste, ainsi que de la sociologie du corps. La conclusion interroge cette dynamique des mouvements sociaux, se demandant si on peut y observer un processus analogue.

Objective: The authors examine how transnational caregiving for immigrant women encompasses a set of complex gendered relationships and roles as mothers and daughters across national borders. Background: Scholars have explored transnational motherhood for women who migrate, often in search of employment, while their children remain in their nation of origin. Much of this research has focused on how migration transforms mother-child relationships. Intergenerational relationships between immigrant mothers and their own mothers, and the emotional and economic care that facilitates these ties, are often left out of the picture of transnational family life. Methods: Through ethnographic work, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with 63 mothers from Latin America who migrated to the greater Boston metropolitan area. Additionally, the authors draw from extensive participant observation with mothers at home, school, and sites throughout their communities. Results: The authors theorize how Latina immigrant women are at the center of a web of multidirectional carework as they negotiate intergenerational responsibilities as mothers and daughters. The women in the present study orient their decisions, paid labor, and child-rearing around sustaining transnational familial relationships across generations. As a result, they provide emotional and economic care in multiple directions, including maintaining relationships between children and grandchildren, even as they adapt to ruptures in receiving care from their own mothers. Conclusion: The authors argue that despite the gendered labor this emotional and economic work entails, the immigrant mothers in the present study value their carework, which ultimately becomes a means for them to exert agency in the face of anti-immigrant policies and discourses.

This study examines the relationship between unpaid care work, financial well-being, and stress levels among women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic caused downturns in the economies of countries worldwide and led to uncertainties and changes that created conditions for increased stress levels and consequently impaired well-being. In addition to social distancing and lockdown measures to cope with the virus, working from home, home schooling, caring for sick and older family members, and financial problems have added burdens and have proven to be additional personal and family stressors. The findings are based on an online survey conducted among women during the second lockdown in Croatia. Additional unpaid care work and lower financial well-being affect the increased stress felt by women during the pandemic. This is especially pronounced among women who are more involved in paid work. During the pandemic, additional unpaid care work, increased involvement in paid work, and jeopardized financial well-being were stressors for women. Our results indicate the importance of women s free time for their own and their families 'well-being.

This paper addresses the question of how to organize care in degrowth societies that call for social and ecological sustainability, as well as gender and environmental justice, without prioritizing one over the other. By building on degrowth scholarship, feminist economics, the commons, and decolonial feminisms, we rebut the strategy of shifting yet more unpaid care work to the monetized economy, thereby reinforcing the separation structure in economics. A feminist degrowth imaginary implies destabilizing prevalent dichotomies and overcoming the (inherent hierarchization in the) boundary between the monetized economy and the invisibilized economy of socio-ecological provisioning. The paper proposes an incremental, emancipatory decommodification and a commonization of care in a sphere beyond the public/private divide, namely the sphere of communitarian and transformative caring commons, as they persist at the margins of capitalism and are (re-)created by social movements around the world.HIGHLIGHTS Degrowth aims at creating human flourishing within planetary boundaries.As feminist degrowth scholarship, this study discusses degrowth visions for care work.It problematizes the shifting of yet more unpaid care work to the monetized economy.Instead, it proposes collective (re)organization in the sphere of the commons.Caring commons are no automatism for a gender-just redistribution of care work.

The settler state's taking of Indigenous children into care disrupts their communities and continues destructive, assimilationist policies. This article presents the perceptions of lawyers, social workers and judges of how Indigenous parents experience child welfare in Quebec. Our participants characterized those experiences negatively. Barriers of language and culture as well as mistrust impede meaningful participation. Parents experience epistemic injustice, wronged in their capacity as knowers. Mistrust also hampers efforts to include Indigenous workers in the system. Emphasizing state workers’ ignorance of Indigenous family practices and the harms of settler colonialism, participants called for greater training. But critical literature on professional education signals the limits of such training to change institutions. Our findings reinforce the jurisdictional calls away from improving the system towards empowering Indigenous peoples to run services of child welfare. The patterns detected and theoretical resources used are relevant to researchers of other institutions that interact with vulnerable populations.

La pandémie a radicalement modifié l’organisation de la société, avec une augmentation du travail à domicile, de l’enseignement à domicile et de la présence en ligne, le tout avec des implications spécifiques (non)intentionnelles sur le travail de soins rémunéré et non rémunéré. Ces implications, comme celles d’autres crises, sont sexistes et se manifestent selon le sexe, l’âge, le handicap, l’origine ethnique/la race, le statut migratoire, la religion, la classe sociale et les intersections entre ces inégalités. Si de nombreuses études ont identifié ces impacts inégaux et négatifs et soulignent d’importantes inégalités liées aux soins, la contribution spécifique de cet article est différente, à savoir celle de mettre en évidence des pratiques inspirantes comme de meilleures histoires de et dans le domaine des soins pendant la pandémie. L’objectif est de rendre ces meilleures histoires visibles et de les considérer comme des moyens d’atténuer les impacts inégaux de la COVID-19 et de ses réponses politiques. Théoriquement, l’approche est basée sur les « meilleures histoires », telles que développées par Dina Georgis (2013, Better Story. Queer Affects from the Middle East , New York : State University). L'article utilise des données quantitatives et qualitatives, recueillies auprès des 27 États membres de l'UE, de l'Islande, de la Serbie, de la Turquie et du Royaume-Uni, dans le cadre du projet européen H2020 RESISTIRÉ.

Dans le débat public sur la gestation pour autrui (GPA), parler de « travail » pour qualifier ce que font les femmes porteuses est largement perçu comme une façon de cautionner les formes de marchandisation et d’exploitation du corps des femmes à l’œuvre dans les circuits mondialisés de la bioéconomie. Contre cette interprétation qui accompagne la condamnation morale de cette pratique reproductive, en particulier dans sa version « commerciale », l’article développe une défense féministe de la conceptualisation de la GPA comme travail, appuyée sur les études ethnographiques menées auprès des femmes porteuses indiennes et nourrie théoriquement à la fois par le marxisme, par l’éthique du care et par la notion d’intersectionnalité. In fine, l’objectif est de mettre en lumière la fécondité de cette conceptualisation non seulement pour la pleine reconnaissance des femmes porteuses, mais aussi pour le diagnostic critique des divisions du travail qui structurent la société capitaliste.

Cet article cerne les difficultés, les défis et les stratégies mises en œuvre par les femmes soignantes à Lomé (Togo) dans la conciliation travail-famille. Les données qualitatives ont été collectées auprès de femmes soignantes dans deux formations sanitaires publiques, de leur conjoint et de leurs collègues hommes. Les résultats montrent que les normes et les pratiques culturelles ont confiné les hommes et les femmes dans leurs rôles respectifs selon la division sexuelle du travail. Ainsi, exercer des tâches domestiques est considéré comme un devoir pour les femmes, mais une transgression des normes sociales pour les hommes. Les exigences et les conditions de la profession médicale et l’insuffisance de personnels de santé rendent difficile la conciliation travail-famille pour les femmes. Pour concilier leur vie familiale et professionnelle, les femmes soignantes mettent en œuvre plusieurs stratégies d’adaptation : recours à l’aide parentale, emploi de domestiques et de répétiteurs scolaires, acquisition d’appareils électroménagers.

Cet article analyse la nature et la répartition du travail domestique au sein de ménages de classes supérieures davantage dotés en capital économique que culturel, dont les femmes sont au foyer ou éloignées d'emplois rémunérateurs. En détaillant le rapport de ces femmes au travail domestique, on éclaire des situations asymétriques peu connues, qui renseignent de manière plus large sur l'articulation des rapports sociaux de genre et de classe. Parce que les ménages concernés poussent à son paroxysme la division sexuée du travail qui prévaut dans la majorité des couples, les situations des femmes au foyer offrent un effet de loupe sur les logiques genrées. Cet article démontre que les femmes au foyer sont loin d'être « inactives » et qu'elles participent pleinement au positionnement social du ménage en réalisant notamment un travail d'éducation, de consommation et d'entretien du capital social, qui façonne le style de vie de ces ménages, ancrés au sein des classes supérieures.

A intersecção de gênero, raça e classe marca os territórios de exclusão social, especialmente em um país que carrega cicatrizes da colonialidade patriarcal e capitalista em suas estruturas, como é o caso do Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender o cuidado em um desses territórios: a cidade de Cubatão/SP. A investigação, feita entre 2017 e 2020, incluiu a pandemia da covid-19, que sobrecarregou o cuidado no território. O método foi a pesquisa qualitativa, com oficinas, observação participante e entrevistas de profundidade. O cuidado era majoritariamente oferecido por mulheres, líderes comunitárias e profissionais da atenção primária do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para analisar os dados, utilizou-se a hermenêutica de profundidade. O referencial teórico foi a costura das teorias feministas da ética do cuidado, ecofeministas e interseccionais. A pesquisa revelou diversos desafios e potencialidades, como o cuidado ético-político, eixo da busca por justiça socioambiental. , Abstract The intersection of gender, race and class marks the territories of social exclusion, especially in a country that carries scars of a patriarchal and capitalist colonialism in its structures, as is the case in Brazil. The objective was to understand care in this territory of exclusion in Cubatão, São Paulo, Brazil. The research, conducted between 2017 and 2020, included the pandemic of COVID-19, which overloaded care in this territory. The method was qualitative research, with workshops, participant observation and in-depth interviews. The care delivered by community leaders and primary health care professionals from the Brazilian National Health System was mostly performed by women. For data analysis, depth hermeneutics was used. The theoretical reference was the perspective of feminists: ecofeminist, intersectional and Care Ethics. The study showed several challenges and the ethical-political care as an axis in the search for social and environmental justice.

Cet article témoigne d’une démarche autoethnographique (Haraway 1988, Russell 1999, Chang 2008, Rondeau 2011, Rouleau 2016) relatant l’expérience individuelle et collective du Choeur Maha, une chorale montréalaise se présentant comme féministe. À travers un partage d’expériences inspiré de l’Object-Elicitation Interview Method (Pink 2015), sont exposées dans ce texte les multiples significations qu’accordent les membres à leur expérience au sein du choeur, tant comme lieu d’appartenance et d’épanouissement que comme espace féministe. S’appuyant sur les précédents travaux ayant problématisé la dimension genrée des loisirs culturels, notamment celle de la pratique amatrice du chant (Octobre 2014, Buscatto 2003, 2007, 2013), la démarche consiste à dégager de l’expérience chorale de Maha les articulations concrètes et multiples des concepts de soin (care ; Mestiri 2016), d’empuissancement (empowerment ; Guétat-Bernard et Lapeyre 2017) et d’espace sécuritaire (safe space ; Lewis, Sharp, Remnant et Redpath 2015, Deller 2019), à la fois sur une échelle individuelle et collective, ainsi que dans une optique de résilience et de résistance féministes (Britt 2019).

We utilized the emotional labor triangle to understand how 16 Black women students who attended Historically white colleges and universities (HWCUs) navigated gendered-racialized oppressive environments that mattered to their academic success. This study contributes to a gap in the literature, as much of the research focused on students of color without disaggregating for gender or other social identities. In addition, the literature is scant on experiences of Black women students use of emotional labor. Emotional labor has largely been studied from a management perspective. Through qualitative semi-structured interviews, we examined the emotional labor Black women expended while pursuing their undergraduate degree. We employed a qualitative, intersectional, methodological approach to foreground historically marginalized voices and situated the study in the hypervisibility Black women participants described feeling as space invaders on their historically White undergraduate campus and at the same time the invisibleness of their voice and masking of their feelings as they encountered gendered racism. Further, we emphasized the emotional toll and stress that may occur for Black women when they do not utilize engaged coping mechanisms while expending their emotional labor. The study holds implications for educators to address emotional labor inequities within HWCUs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) © 2019 National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education

This research examines the discourses that shape disabled women’s sexual subjectivity. I wanted to see how disabled women’s understanding of themselves as sexual is socially influenced. I held a focus group and individually interviewed five self-identified physically disabled women about their sexual lives. They shared detailed stories of personal experiences and societal influences. The main social influences that were present in the women’s stories were ableism, sexism, and resistance; the focus of this article is resistance. Resistance discourses challenge mainstream notions of disability and sexuality and combat the oppression that ableism and sexism can create. It is important work to highlight these resistance narratives; they are often overlooked in society. Diverse social understandings of disability and sexuality are needed, and it is important that they come from disabled people. This research seeks to make space for disabled perspectives in the interest of sexual inclusivity and sexual citizenship for disabled women.

Cet article explore la politique féministe telle qu’elle est représentée dans le roman Americanah de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, ainsi que la manière dont ce féminisme s’entremêle avec des formes de care. Je cerne les contours de l’engagement affiché de l’autrice pour le féminisme intersectionnel, tout en pointant quelques angles morts. Après avoir situé l’oeuvre d’Adichie dans le contexte des féminismes postcolonial, populaire et décolonial, j’étudie l’importance des cheveux et la question plus générale de l’agentivité. Dans la dernière partie, je démontre que la poétique du care développée dans le roman n’adhère pas totalement au féminisme décolonial en raison de l’invisibilité relative des structures néo-coloniales à l’oeuvre au Nigeria pendant la période contemporaine.

Although environmental justice researchers have long been interested in the connections between disaster recovery, gender, and home- and community-based care, the consequences of the post-disaster performance of emotional labor by workers in care occupations have largely gone unnoticed. To address this gap in the environmental injustice literature, in this exploratory article we employ a feminist analysis of firsthand accounts of elementary educators' professional and personal experiences caring for their students in the Florida Keys after Hurricane Irma. We find that caring labor was increasingly necessary in the post-disaster context, both inside and outside the classroom. Teachers and other care professionals in feminized occupations may, therefore, perform an emotional double duty, supporting their students' emotional needs while also contending—as working- and middle-class individuals—with the personal consequences of disaster. We suggest that these educators may bear an unrecognized and undercompensated disproportionate burden at the intersection of class and occupational status. Because of this, we introduce an underexplored component to the racialized disaster patriarchy and intersectional disaster research: feminized occupational status. Inspired by environmental justice research legacies developed in the wake of earlier Gulf Coast disasters, we draw attention to the contributions of these absolutely essential recovery workers and how they may experience environmental injustice even as they contribute to others' recovery. Our goals are to promote recognition and fair distribution of burdens, encourage research into the contours of environmental justice and care work, and support the development of more just planning, training, and compensation regimes.

Informal caregivers are those who provide care for others without compensation. In the US, 85 % of elderly individuals receive care from an informal caregiver, and this number is expected to increase. Caregivers often experience different types of strain, stemming from physical, emotional, and financial demands. Guided by intersectionality theory, this study explores the relationships between informal caregiving strains and gender, race, and income, along with various control variables, including age, marital status, education, number of hours spent providing care, and employment status. Data from the 2015 Caregiving in the US survey (N = 1248) were used. Findings indicated male informal caregivers reported more financial strain compared to females. White women reported more emotional strain than women of color, and those with higher incomes reported less financial strain. Gender, race, and income were not significantly related to physical strain among informal caregivers. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed. © 2019, The International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies (ISQOLS) and Springer Nature B.V.

Cet article introductif fait la lumière sur certains aspects de la production et de l’organisation du care dans des pays et régions dits « du Sud ». Partant d’une définition large du care, qui inclut ses dimensions sociales, politiques et éthiques, et des connaissances élaborées dans différents pays du Sud, trois thèmes centraux sont développés : le genre du care, les présences et carences de l’État, et les relations entre migrations et care. Ces thèmes sont sous-tendus par le rôle que jouent le care et sa distribution sociale sur les inégalités sociales et leur reproduction. L’article souligne à quel point nombre de travaux élaborés dans les Suds permettent d’interroger et d’enrichir la perspective du care et ses schémas explicatifs.