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Gender is an essential determinant of health and illness. Gender awareness in doctors contributes to equity and equality in health and aims towards better health for men and women. Nevertheless, gender has largely been ignored in medicine. First, it is stated that medicine was ‘gender blind’ by not considering gender whenever relevant. Secondly, medicine is said to be ‘male biased’ because the largest body of knowledge on health and illness is about men and their health. Thirdly, gender role ideology negatively influences treatment and health outcomes. Finally, gender inequality has been overlooked as a determinant of health and illness. The uptake of gender issues in medical education brings about specific challenges for several reasons. For instance, the political-ideological connotations of gender issues create resistance especially in traditionalists in medical schools. Secondly, it is necessary to clarify which gender issues must be integrated in which domains. Also, some are interdisciplinary issues and as such more difficult to integrate. Finally, schools need assistance with implementation. The integration of psychosocial issues along with biomedical ones in clinical cases, the dissemination of literature and education material, staff education, and efforts towards structural embedding of gender in curricula are determining factors for successful implementation. Gender equity is not a spontaneous process. Medical education provides specific opportunities that may contribute to transformation for medical schools educate future doctors for future patients in future settings. Consequently, future benefits legitimize the integration of gender as a qualitative investment in medical education.
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With a few notable exceptions disability studies has not taken account of intersexuality, and it is principally through the lenses of feminist and queer-theory oriented ethical discussions but not through ‘straight’ bioethics that modes valuing intersex difference have been proposed. Meanwhile, the medical presupposition that intersex characteristics are inherently disabling to social viability remains the taken-for-granted truth from which clinical practice proceeds. In this paper I argue against bioethical perspectives that justify extensive and invasive pre- and post-natal medical interference to eradicate intersex. I argue instead that to constitute the necessary conditions for the recognition of the intersexed child as a person, a life valid in its own right, clinicians must refrain from aggressive interference. Clinical specialists presuppose that intersexed children will be socially disabled and unrecognizable as persons; frustrated by the general failure of traditional interventions to assign a sex, clinicians are now pursuing prenatal technologies, including selective termination, to erase intersex.
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Résumé Le Canada et le Québec, sociétés pluriethniques, possèdent des politiques et des programmes de promotion et de prévention pour contrer les violences faites aux femmes, mais reconnaissent que le défi est de taille dans le contexte migratoire. Les immigrantes, confrontées à la violence conjugale, ne disposent souvent pas d’accessibilité culturelle aux services sociaux et de santé ou n’obtiennent pas de réponse adéquate à leurs besoins. Toutefois, certains organismes ont des projets pour leur venir en aide mais ils ne sont pas systématiques. L’article présente les résultats d’une recherche exploratoire, avec approche ethnologique, qui documente la perception de 10 intervenants d’organismes communautaires et institutionnels concernant leurs activités dans le domaine et leur préoccupation pour la promotion et la prévention primaire, même si leurs pratiques concrètes sont surtout centrées sur la prévention secondaire. Maints empêchements les limitent, mais leurs perceptions des réponses promotionnelles et préventives mettent en lumière l’impact de la violence structurelle et de la violence conjugale et orientent les perspectives de renouvellement des pratiques d’intervention sociosanitaire en matière de violence conjugale.
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Purpose: This qualitative research aimed to elicit experiences and beliefs of recent South Asian immigrant women about their major health concerns after immigration. Methods: Four focus groups were conducted with 24 Hindi-speaking women who had lived less than five years in Canada. The audiotaped data were transcribed, translated, and analyzed by identification of themes and subcategories. Results: Mental health (MH) emerged as an overarching health concern with three major themes, i.e., appraisal of the mental burden (extent and general susceptibility), stress-inducing factors, and coping strategies. Many participants agreed that MH did not become a concern to them until after immigration. Women discussed their compromised MH using verbal and symptomatic expressions. The stress-inducing factors identified by participants included loss of social support, economic uncertainties, downward social mobility, mechanistic lifestyle, barriers in accessing health services, and climatic and food changes. Women's major coping strategies included increased efforts to socialize, use of preventative health practices and self-awareness. Conclusion: Although participant women discussed a number of ways to deal with post-immigration stressors, the women's perceived compromised mental health reflects the inadequacy of their coping strategies and the available resources. Despite access to healthcare providers, women failed to identify healthcare encounters as opportunities to seek help and discuss their mental health concerns. Health and social care programs need to actively address the compromised mental health perceived by the studied group.
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L’excision et l’infibulation sont parties intégrantes des traditions de nombreuses sociétés africaines issues majoritairement de la région subsaharienne. En contexte canadien, aucune information statistique n’est présentement disponible sur la prédominance de cette pratique, malgré le fait que de nombreux intervenants soupçonnent que plusieurs immigrant(e)s en provenance de ces pays sont susceptibles de faire subir ces pratiques à leurs fillettes. Cette étude qualitative explore les valeurs et les croyances des immigrant(e)s par rapport à ces pratiques traditionnelles, tout en cernant les défis de leur processus d’intégration au Canada et leur recours aux services de santé.
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Woman is a fascinating, fact-filled guide that covers everything from organs to orgasms, hormones to hysterectomies. With her characteristic clarity, insight, and sheer exuberance of language, bestselling author Natalie Angier cuts through the still-prevalent myths and misinformation surrounding the female body, that most enigmatic of evolutionary masterpieces. With a witty and assured narrative, and a reader-friendly dose of science, Woman is an essential and engaging resource for all time.