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Les stéréotypes de genre prescrivent aux mères, mais pas aux pères, de donner la priorité à leur famille plutôt qu’à leur travail. Par conséquent, l’intériorisation des stéréotypes de genre peut prédire une culpabilité plus élevée chez les mères que chez les pères dans des situations où ils privilégient leur travail plutôt que leur famille. L’étude 1 (135 mères et 116 pères) a en effet révélé que plus les stéréotypes de genre implicites des pères étaient forts (mesurés à l’aide d’une tâche d’association implicite genre-carrière), moins les pères se déclaraient coupables dans une situation fictive d’interférence du travail dans la famille. Bien que les mères aient en moyenne déclaré une culpabilité plus élevée que les pères, cet effet n’a pas été atténué par leurs stéréotypes de genre implicites. L’étude 2 (étude du journal quotidien auprès de 105 mères) a toutefois révélé des preuves de l’effet modérateur des stéréotypes de genre implicites sur la culpabilité des mères qui travaillent. Plus les stéréotypes de genre implicites des mères étaient forts, plus elles déclaraient avoir des conflits entre le travail et la famille et de la culpabilité les jours où elles travaillaient de longues heures. Ces résultats montrent que les stéréotypes de genre implicites façonnent la façon dont les parents perçoivent leurs choix travail-famille.

Les personnes lesbiennes, gaies et bisexuelles (LGB) peuvent mobiliser différentes stratégies pour dévoiler ou cacher leur orientation sexuelle sur leur lieu de travail. Cette étude a pour objectif d'explorer les relations entre les micro-agressions homonégatives (MAH) perçues au travail et ces stratégies, ainsi que l'effet médiateur du climat organisationnel de diversité sexuelle dans ces relations. Un échantillon de 135 salariés·e·s LGB a répondu à un questionnaire en ligne portant sur ces trois variables. Les données ont été traitées par le biais de régressions linéaires simples et de méthodes d'analyse en pistes causales. Les résultats ont mis en avant que l'effet des MAH sur la gestion de son identité sexuelle au travail était médiatisé par le climat de diversité sexuelle. Il existe également une relation directe positive entre les MAH et le dévoilement. Les résultats sont discutés à la lumière de la littérature existante sur le sujet. Des perspectives aux niveaux systémiques et individuels pour soutenir le climat de diversité sexuelle et réduire la discrimination vécue par les salarié·e·s LGB sont envisagées.

The current study explored sexual minority women’s gender aesthetic and style by using van Anders’ (2015) sexual configurations theory (SCT), which allows for nuance in the measurement of gender/sex research. Previous research on sexual minority women has suggested a markedly masculine “Lesbian Aesthetic” (Huxley et al., 2014) and has connected aesthetic expression to internalized homophobia and levels of outness such that sexual minority women categorized as more feminine report higher rates of internalized homophobia and identity concealment. However, the bulk of past research used dichotomous measures of assessing gender and predated an ostensible shift in LGBTQ+ identities. To update this body of research, the current study explored gender aesthetics by asking sexual minority women to map their gender expression using SCT diagrams and complete measures of outness and internalized homophobia. We found no significant group differences in internalized homophobia or outness for femme, butch, and androgynous participants. Content analyses of gender diagrams suggest that the gender aesthetics of sexual minority women are neither monolithic nor masculine but may be beginning to lean towards the feminine and most certainly encompass a complex and diverse range of expressions

Nation-wide opinion polls and social scientific studies indicate that evaluations of gay men and lesbian women have become increasingly favourable. These positive trends do not explain the widespread discrimination experiences being reported. To assist researchers in investigating attitudes towards gay and lesbian persons, the current research examines whether there are multiple “types” that are identifiable and salient. Two Canadian studies (Ns = 67 and 206) were conducted to establish the presence of gay and lesbian subgroups. Using subgroups generated by Study 1 participants, community and student sub-samples selected those they perceive to exist. Results indicated that, for gay men, the subgroups Drag Queen and Flamboyant emerged, as did Butch for lesbian women. Amongst students, Closeted and Feminine also emerged for gay men, as well as Feminist and Tomboy for lesbian women. These findings have implications for contemporary research on gay- and lesbian-related attitudes and the methodology used to assess them.

"Depuis plusieurs années et sous l'impulsion de mouvements sociaux comme #MeToo, de nombreuses affaires de violences sexistes et sexuelles, impliquant des personnalités publiques ou des institutions connues, éclatent au grand jour dans les médias. Ces différents témoignages de femmes mettent en lumière l'ampleur des violences sexistes et sexuelles dans le monde. Comment expliquer une telle prévalence? Quels processus psychologiques peuvent conduire à l'apparition de stéréotypes, de préjugés et de discriminations sexistes? L'objectif de cet ouvrage, rassemblant 45 chercheurs francophones, est de contribuer à la compréhension des conséquences des discriminations sexistes, mais surtout d'aider à décrypter leurs mécanismes. Le phénomène s'avère complexe et très souvent subtil, prenant diverses formes et étant profondément inscrit dans les rouages de la société et des rapports humains. En plus des analyses présentées dans l'ouvrage, différentes pistes d'action sont proposées pour les entreprises et les institutions souhaitant promouvoir un environnement de travail inclusif."--Quatrième de couverture.

"This is one of the first books to offer a comprehensive philosophical treatment of microaggressions. Its aims are to provide an intersectional analysis of microaggressions that cuts across multiple groups and dimensions of oppression and marginalization, and to engage a variety of perspectives that have been sidelined within the discipline of philosophy. The volume gathers a diverse group of contributors: philosophers of color, philosophers with disabilities, philosophers of various nationalities and ethnicities, and philosophers of several genders and gender identities. Their unique frames of analysis articulate both how the concept of microaggressions can be used to clarify and sharpen our understanding of subtler aspects of oppression and how analysis, expansion, and reconceiving the notion of a microaggression can deepen and extend its explanatory power. The essays in the volume are divided into four thematic parts. The essays in Part I seek to defend microaggressions from common critiques and to explain their impact beyond the context of college students. In Part II the contributors set forth a framework for legitimizing microaggressions research that takes into account issues of measurement, scale, and replication. Part III explores the harms of microaggressions. The chapters show how small slights can accumulate to produce significant harm at the macro level, demonstrate how microaggressions contribute to epistemic harm, and establish novel understandings of racial and accent-triggered microaggressions. Finally, Part IV addresses issues of disability and ableism within the context of microaggressions. It includes commentary on transgender athletes, disciplinary techniques for bodily nonconformity, ableist exceptionalism, and deafness. Microaggressions and Philosophy features cutting-edge research on an important topic that will appeal to a wide range of students and scholars across disciplines. It includes perspectives from philosophy of psychology, empirically informed philosophy, feminist philosophy, critical race theory, disability theory, philosophy of language, philosophy of science, and social and political philosophy"-- Provided by publisher.

Are sex and gender really two different things? How malleable is gender identity? Do both gender and sex have to be conceptualized as binaries—as having two distinct but complementary categories? Should we emphasize gender differences, or is that the wrong question? When should we call a gender difference “small”? Are women really “nonaggressive” or does that label stem from stereotyping? How does subtle or “modern” sexism work on its targets? Scholarship on these and other gender-related questions has exploded in recent years. Hilary Lips synthesizes that research for students in an accessible and readable way. Concepts on sex and gender are presented with the social context in which they were developed. As in previous editions, Lips takes a multicultural approach, discussing the gender experiences of people from a wide range of races, cultures, socioeconomic statuses, and gender and sexual identities. She emphasizes empirical research but takes a critical approach to that research.

An inclusive and accessible resource on the interdisciplinary study of gender and sexuality Companion to Sexuality Studies explores the significant theories, concepts, themes, events, and debates of the interdisciplinary study of sexuality in a broad range of cultural, social, and political contexts. Bringing together essays by an international team of experts from diverse academic backgrounds, this comprehensive volume provides original insights and fresh perspectives on the history and institutional regulatory processes that socially construct sex and sexuality and examines the movements for social justice that advance sexual citizenship and reproductive rights. Detailed yet accessible chapters explore the intersection of sexuality studies and fields such as science, health, psychology, economics, environmental studies, and social movements over different periods of time and in different social and national contexts. Divided into five parts, the Companion first discusses the theoretical and methodological diversity of sexuality studies.Subsequent chapters address the fields of health, science and psychology, religion, education and the economy. They also include attention to sexuality as constructed in popular culture, as well as global activism, sexual citizenship, policy, and law. An essential overview and an important addition to scholarship in the field, this book: Draws on international, postcolonial, intersectional, and interdisciplinary insights from scholars working on sexuality studies around the world Provides a comprehensive overview of the field of sexuality studies Offers a diverse range of topics, themes, and perspectives from leading authorities Focuses on the study of sexuality from the late nineteenth century to the present Includes an overview of the history and academic institutionalization of sexuality studies The Companion to Sexuality Studies is an indispensable resource for scholars, researchers, instructors, and students in gender, sexuality, and feminist studies, interdisciplinary programs in cultural studies, international studies, and human rights, as well as disciplines such as anthropology, psychology, history, education, human geography, political science, and sociology.

The view that humans comprise only two types of beings, women and men, a framework that is sometimes referred to as the “gender binary,” played a profound role in shaping the history of psychological science. In recent years, serious challenges to the gender binary have arisen from both academic research and social activism. This review describes 5 sets of empirical findings, spanning multiple disciplines, that fundamentally undermine the gender binary. These sources of evidence include neuroscience findings that refute sexual dimorphism of the human brain; behavioral neuroendocrinology findings that challenge the notion of genetically fixed, nonoverlapping, sexually dimorphic hormonal systems; psychological findings that highlight the similarities between men and women; psychological research on transgender and nonbinary individuals’ identities and experiences; and developmental research suggesting that the tendency to view gender/sex as a meaningful, binary category is culturally determined and malleable. Costs associated with reliance on the gender binary and recommendations for future research, as well as clinical practice, are outlined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Le travail mental est une composante peu étudiée et longtemps invisible du travail familial. Les chercheurs ont décrit le travail mental comme important, éprouvant et effectué de manière disproportionnée par les mères par rapport aux pères. Cependant, les définitions opérationnelles utilisées dans ces études n'étaient que préliminaires et manquaient de terminologie unifiée. En réponse aux appels à une vision élargie du travail domestique et à de meilleures définitions de son contenu, nous avons entrepris une enquête phénoménologique sur le travail mental familial effectué par les mères. Notre analyse phénoménologique interprétative de sept entretiens de groupe a produit une définition du travail mental des mères et de ses composantes qui était empiriquement fondée sur l'expérience vécue des mères de jeunes enfants ( N = 25). Distinct des tâches ménagères, de la garde des enfants et du travail émotionnel, le travail mental est apparu comme une activité de réflexion effectuée dans le but d'atteindre des objectifs familiaux. Nous avons identifié six formes de travail mental : (a) la planification et l'élaboration de stratégies, (b) le suivi et l'anticipation des besoins, (c) la métaparentalité, (d) la connaissance (apprentissage et mémorisation), (e) la pensée managériale (y compris la délégation et l'instruction) et (f) l'autorégulation. Toutes les mères participantes se sont présentées comme le principal travailleur mental de leur famille, quel que soit leur statut d'emploi ou le niveau d'implication de leur partenaire. Notre description du travail mental peut aider les parents, les chercheurs, les cliniciens, les décideurs politiques et les éducateurs à reconnaître, à valoriser et à mieux tenir compte de la dynamique du travail mental à l'œuvre dans la construction de la vie familiale, la reproduction des rôles de genre et la perpétuation des écarts entre les sexes dans la division du travail familial et la charge mentale.

Although the number of U.S. female professors has risen steadily in recent years, female professors are still subject to different student expectations and treatment. Students continue to perceive and expect female professors to be more nurturing than male professors are. We examined whether students may consequently request more special favors from female professors. In a survey of professors (n = 88) across the United States, Study 1 found that female (versus male) professors reported getting more requests for standard work demands, special favors, and friendship behaviors, with the latter two mediating the professor gender effect on professors’ self-reported emotional labor. Study 2 utilized an experimental design using a fictitious female or male professor, with college student participants (n = 121) responding to a scenario in which a special favor request might be made of the professor. The results indicated that academically entitled students (i.e., those who feel deserving of success in college regardless of effort/performance) had stronger expectations that a female (versus male) professor would grant their special favor requests. Those expectations consequently increased students’ likelihood of making the requests and of exhibiting negative emotional and behavioral reactions to having those requests denied. This work highlights the extra burdens felt by female professors. We discuss possible moderators of these effects as well as the importance of developing strategies for preventing them. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Although the relationship between job work hours and women’s physical health has been examined, limited empirical research examines the family demand conditions that explain this relationship. Given the challenge of integrating work and family demands, we examine the boundary conditions under which job hours relate to women’s physical health by integrating the influences of household work hours, perceived unfairness of division of household labor, and traditional gender ideology. Using a large, multi-national archival dataset, our results show that women working long job hours are more likely to report decreased physical health and that this relationship is moderated by the hours and fairness perceptions of household labor: The lowest physical health was observed at high job hours and high household hours and also when women felt that they did less than their fair share of household labor. However, looking at the slopes of these relationships, the negative relationship between job hours and physical health was stronger when women worked lower household hours or felt that they contributed less than their fair share of household labor—suggesting that maintaining a contribution to household labor might be important for working women. Furthermore, these results suggest that policy and organizational interventions aimed at supporting women’s physical health could take their household labor contributions and fairness perceptions into account when assessing the negative impact of high job work hours. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

"Gender: Psychological Perspectives" synthesizes the latest research on gender to help students think critically about the differences between research findings and stereotypes, provoking them to examine and revise their own preconceptions. The text examines the behavioral, biological, and social contexts in which women and men express gendered behaviors. The text's unique pedagogical program helps students understand the portrayal of gender in the media and the application of gender research in the real world. -- From publisher's description. Contenu : Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About the author -- The study of gender -- Researching sex and gender -- Gender stereotypes: masculinity and femininity -- Hormones and chromosomes -- Theories of gender development -- Developing gender identity -- Intelligence and cognitive abilities -- Emotion -- Relationships -- Sexuality -- School -- Careers and work -- Health and fitness -- Stress, coping, and psychopathology -- Treatment for mental disorders -- How different? -- References -- Index.

Intersectional Pedagogy explores best practices for effective teaching and learning about intersections of identity as informed by intersectional theory. Formatted in three easy-to-follow sections, this collection explores the pedagogy of intersectionality to address lived experiences that result from privileged and oppressed identities. After an initial overview of intersectional foundations and theory, the collection offers classroom strategies and approaches for teaching and learning about intersectionality and social justice. With contributions from scholars in education, psychology, sociology and women’s studies, Intersectional Pedagogy include a range of disciplinary perspectives and evidence-based pedagogy.

Malgré l'acceptation croissante des personnes lesbiennes, gays, bisexuelles, transgenres et intersexes (LGBTI), de nombreuses études indiquent encore que de nombreuses discriminations existent toujours. Les lesbiennes d'Afrique australe sont quotidiennement victimes de violences physiques et verbales et de viols correctifs. Le but de cette étude était d'explorer les expériences vécues par des étudiantes lesbiennes noires de premier cycle dans une université rurale en Afrique du Sud. Une approche de recherche qualitative utilisant un plan de recherche phénoménologique a été utilisée. L'échantillon était composé de quinze étudiantes lesbiennes noires de premier cycle âgées de 18 à 25 ans. Les données ont été collectées dans deux groupes de discussion et analysées à l'aide d'une analyse phénoménologique interprétative (IPA). L'homophobie, le harcèlement, y compris les agressions physiques, et la non-acceptation étaient des expériences quotidiennes chez les participantes lesbiennes. Cela incluait la discrimination de la part des pairs, du personnel universitaire et des organisations religieuses. Des expériences positives, comme la rencontre de nouveaux amis partageant la même orientation sexuelle et la découverte de l'université comme espace libre pour explorer leur sexualité, ont été trouvées.

Une histoire de l'étude biologique, des statuts, des droits, de l'éducation, des apparences et des rôles attendus des hommes et des femmes, du XVIe au XXIe siècle, qui interroge la fabrication des concepts de masculin et de féminin.

This article provides an overview on reproductive and sexual health of people with physical disabilities in developed and underdeveloped countries from 1995 to 2011. Based on the metasynthesis approach, the authors reviewed 15 qualitative studies. These studies were searched using Medline, CINAHL, CINAHL (health), ProQuest Central, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Embase, Informit Health, Sciences Direct, Pubmed, Pubmed Health, AAHD (abstracts), ProQuest Journal (sexuality and disability) and were also manually searched. All studies were judged on their qualities using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Reproductive health, sexual attractiveness and experiences, reproductive and sexual health knowledge, and dealing with reproductive and sexual health issues were four main themes that emerged from these studies. This paper proposes a new model to explain the factors that impacted the reproductive and sexual life of people with physical disabilities: internal and external factors. Implications for health and social care are discussed in light of the findings.

Camp—a sensibility, a style, and a form of artistic selfexpression—is an elusive concept said to be in the eye of the beholder. To refute Susan Sontag’s (1966) claims that camp is apolitical and not especially homosexual, a number of recent scholarly works have been geared toward revealing camp’s fundamental gayness. With the odd footnote aside, lesbian camp has been collapsed into the category of gay male camp, if not eclipsed entirely. Despite the negligible efforts made to legitimize lesbian camp, there are numerous salient cultural examples one might draw on to illustrate, typify, and substantiate a lesbian camp sensibility. I lay the ground work for this scholarly exercise by outlining various definitions and critiques of camp, and by discussing its history and application to queer theory. Then, to unveil lesbian camp, three nonmutually exclusive categories are discussed: classic, erotic, and radical. By gathering various strands of inquiry, and various textual examples (e.g., photography, artistic performances, and literary tropes), this article attempts to reach a more inclusive and nuanced understanding of lesbian camp.

« La remise en cause de l’évidence naturelle jusque-là accordée à la différence des sexes occupe la scène des débats publics et se retrouve théorisée par l’émergence du concept de « genre » dans sa distinction d’avec le sexe. La différenciation entre sexe et genre émerge d’une fracture avec l’idée que le sexe biologique déterminerait l’identité sexuée et sexuelle. Dans cette nouvelle terminologie, le sexe ne renvoie plus alors qu’à la dimension anatomique et biologique tandis que le genre réfère à la construction psychologique et sociale du sexe. Malgré la pluralité des théories auxquelles le genre a donné naissance, l’émergence de cette notion prend en compte que sexe anatomique, sexuation psychique et sexualité peuvent trouver des nouages autres que ceux promus par des normes confondues avec l’ordre naturel – nouage, souligne la psychanalyse, radicalement singulier pour chacun. Cet ouvrage propose une introduction à toute la complexité de ces questions. Il axe son propos sur les controverses entre les théories psychanalytiques et les études sur le genre, et ouvre le dialogue à la littérature, à la philosophie et au cinéma. Cette perspective pluridisciplinaire reflète ainsi l’hétérogénéité des différents abords et usages du genre. »-- Résumé de l'éditeur.

Feminist women's attitudes toward pornography are significantly polarized. Anti‐porn feminists have taken a position that pornography is degrading toward women, leads to distortion of healthy male‐female sexuality, leads to distorted images of the female body, increases male anxiety about sexual adequacy, sexual compulsivity, and increase violence toward women including rape and sexual harassment.