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This groundbreaking study by the Georgetown Law Center on Poverty and Inequality provides—for the first time— data showing that adults view Black girls as less innocent and more adult-like than their white peers, especially in the age range of 5–14. The report builds on similar results that have emerged from studies of adult perceptions of Black boys. In 2014, for example, research by Professor Phillip Goff and colleagues revealed that beginning at the age of 10, Black boys are more likely than their white peers to be misperceived as older, viewed as guilty of suspected crimes, and face police violence if accused of a crime.1 SNAPSHOT OF THE DATA Compared to white girls of the same age, survey participants perceive that • Black girls need less nurturing • Black girls need less protection • Black girls need to be supported less • Black girls need to be comforted less • Black girls are more independent • Black girls know more about adult topics • Black girls know more about sex These results are profound, with far-reaching implications. Our findings reveal a potential contributing factor to the disproportionate rates of punitive treatment in the education and juvenile justice systems for Black girls.
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Le voyage et l'appropriation des théories queer dans les milieux féministes francophones du Québec ont été particulièrement longs et ardus, appelant un questionnement non seulement sur les raisons de ce retard, mais aussi sur les dimensions qui ont permis, ultimement, l'intégration des théories queer chez les féministes francophones. Combinant des outils analytiques en provenance de la littérature sur la diffusion des mouvements sociaux (passeurs oubrokers, cadres interprétatifs, répertoires d'action collective, etc.) et une approche en idées politiques, nous analysons l'insertion des théories queer chez les féministes en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, les intellectuelles féministes critiquent de manière assez généralisée les théories queer, critiques regroupées en 3 axes : 1) la déconstruction des femmes et des lesbiennes en tant que sujet politique ; 2) l'investissement dans l'univers symbolique du politique comme espace de subversion, au détriment des relations matérielles et des structures de pouvoir ; et 3) la disparition de la spécificité lesbienne et l'absence de remise en question des privilèges masculins dans les mouvements queer. Dans un deuxième temps, le travail de passeur des Panthères roses–groupes queer radical–permet la traduction des cadres (frame bridging) et leur inscription dans un répertoire d'action reconnaissable des féministes, répondant ainsi à deux des trois axes de critiques. Nous avançons donc que ce rôle de passeur permettra d'ouvrir une brèche qui, rapidement, permettra l'inscription et l'intégration, même si conflictuelles, du queer dans les milieux féministes francophones. The travelling and appropriation of queer theory by francophone feminists in Quebec have been particularly long and arduous, prompting an inquiry into not only the reasons for this delay, but also into the elements that ultimately allowed for an integration of queer theory among francophone feminists. Combining tools from social movement literature on diffusion (brokerage, frames, repertoire of contention, etc.) and a political theory approach, this article divides the integration of queer theory among francophone feminists into two moments. In the first instance, activists and academic feminists have generally received queer theory with considerable criticism, which we have regrouped into 3 axes: 1) the deconstruction of women and lesbians as political subjects; 2) the investment in the symbolic aspects of politics, to the detriment of material relations and structures of power, and 3) the erasure of lesbian specificity and the absence of male privilege examination. In the second moment, the work of the Pink Panthers–a radical queer group–allows for frame bridging and the use of a recognisable repertoire of collective action to address two out of the three axes of criticism. This article suggests that the process of brokerage creates a crack in the wall of resistance that will quickly become a space for the insertion and integration, even if still conflictual, of queer theory into francophone feminism.