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An extensive literature shows how property inheritance is biased against women in many developing countries, yet relatively little attention has been given to gender bias in other means of acquiring physical assets, such as the market. Using individual-level data from Ecuador, Ghana, and Karnataka, India, this study analyzes modes of acquisition and financing of housing, agricultural land, other real estate, and businesses. The findings show that women acquire fewer of their assets through the market than men, and that in asset markets, both men and women are more likely to use their own savings than to use credit. The study also analyzes current loans for asset acquisition and finds that, in general, women tend to be somewhat disadvantaged in securing formal bank loans. The results suggest that financial inclusion to promote more gender equal access to accumulation of assets should focus on both savings and credit, with priority to savings.
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L’oeuvre romanesque de Léonora Miano est profondément marquée par le recours à l’intermédialité. Celle-ci se met en place notamment grâce à des références constantes à une culture musicale qui dépasse l’axe France-Afrique structurant les identités afropéennes des personnages et ouvre l’univers fictionnel sur l’espace atlantique en faisant appel à un patrimoine musical essentiellement américain (jazz, funk, soul, etc.). Au-delà de l’aspect structurel de cette intermédialité musicale, sa présence diégétique renforce par bien des aspects la réflexion – de l’auteure et de ses personnages – d’une part sur les questions identitaires, d’autre part sur la masculinité et la position du « garçon noir » pris en étau entre divers schémas contraignants. Le présent article étudie cette articulation entre intermédialité musicale et identités dans les deux tomes de Crépuscule du tourment.
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Globally gender remains a key factor in differing health outcomes for men and women. This article analyses the particular relevance of gender for debates about global health and the role for international human rights law in supporting improved health outcomes during public health emergencies. Looking specifically at the recent Ebola and Zika outbreaks, what we find particularly troubling in both cases is the paucity of engagement with human rights language and the diverse backgrounds of women in these locations of crisis, when women-specific advice was being issued. We find the lessons that should have been learnt from the Ebola experience have not been applied in the Zika outbreak and there remains a disconnect between the international public health advice being issued and the experience of pervasive structural gender inequalities among those experiencing the crises. In both cases we find that responses at the outbreak of the crisis presume that women have economic, social or regulatory options to exercise the autonomy contained in international advice. The problem in the case of both Ebola and Zika has been that leaving structural gender inequalities out of the crisis response has further compounded those inequalities. The article argues for a contextual human rights analysis that takes into account gender as a social and economic determinant of health.