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Le présent rapport de recherche s’inscrit dans les mobilisations autour de l’enjeu public que représentent les disparitions et les assassinats de femmes ou de filles autochtones au Canada. Considérant que l’autochtonie urbaine est un phénomène important au Québec, que la majorité des cas de disparition et d’assassinat de filles et de femmes autochtones ont lieu en milieu urbain et qu’il existe un manque patent de données portant spécifiquement sur Tiohtiá:ke/Montréal, le présent rapport examine cette « crise sociale » au sein de cet espace urbain. L’objectif de la recherche est de comprendre la réponse du Service de police de la ville de Montréal (SPVM) face à ces disparitions et assassinats. Bien que nos données démontrent qu’il y a consensus autour de la nécessité d’une collaboration entre le SPVM et les organisations communautaires et autochtones pour aborder de manière efficace la problématique, nous avons également constaté de nombreuses difficultés entourant la relation et la collaboration entre le SPVM et les personnes concernées par les disparitions et les assassinats de femmes et de filles autochtones. Des entretiens réalisés auprès de membres du SPVM et d’intervenants et intervenantes et une analyse du discours des personnes participantes, nous permettent de mettre en lumière les différentes dimensions des difficultés dans cette relation de collaboration. Nous soutenons que non seulement le phénomène des femmes et filles autochtones disparues et assassinées doit être saisi en tenant compte du cadre juridique des droits humains, mais la réponse à cette situation de la part des autorités doit également s’y conformer. C’est aussi dans ce cadre que sont formulées les huit recommandations finales adressées au SPVM et aux autorités publiques.

This groundbreaking study by the Georgetown Law Center on Poverty and Inequality provides—for the first time— data showing that adults view Black girls as less innocent and more adult-like than their white peers, especially in the age range of 5–14. The report builds on similar results that have emerged from studies of adult perceptions of Black boys. In 2014, for example, research by Professor Phillip Goff and colleagues revealed that beginning at the age of 10, Black boys are more likely than their white peers to be misperceived as older, viewed as guilty of suspected crimes, and face police violence if accused of a crime.1 SNAPSHOT OF THE DATA Compared to white girls of the same age, survey participants perceive that • Black girls need less nurturing • Black girls need less protection • Black girls need to be supported less • Black girls need to be comforted less • Black girls are more independent • Black girls know more about adult topics • Black girls know more about sex These results are profound, with far-reaching implications. Our findings reveal a potential contributing factor to the disproportionate rates of punitive treatment in the education and juvenile justice systems for Black girls.

Introduction to the special isuue of the Canadian Journal of Women and the Law on the "Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women Conference".

Dans les sociétés préindustrielles, l’exercice du pouvoir au sein de la famille est étroitement lié aux contingences juridiques et aux normes patriarcales. La connaissance du rôle joué par les femmes dans les activités économiques de la famille, en particulier les femmes mariées, échappe le plus souvent aux historiens. L’étude des procuratrices à Québec, capitale de la Nouvelle-France au xviiie siècle, permet de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement du couple dans un contexte colonial marqué par l’absentéisme masculin. L’analyse des actes de procurations octroyés aux femmes, combinée à une étude prosopographique de nature sociodémographique, révèle les enjeux et les circonstances de ce transfert circonstanciel de pouvoir. Cette voie montre qu’il est possible de contourner partiellement le silence entourant les activités des épouses pour éclairer la délicate question de la complémentarité et de la confiance au sein du couple.

In this dissertation, I argue that the exemption of prisons from the rule of law fosters abusive institutional practices that reveal the race and gender dynamics of sexual abuse in prison and in the outside world. The first article, Beyond Modesty: Privacy in Prison and the Risk of Sexual Abuse, shows that Fourth Amendment privacy offers little protection against the cross-gender searches and surveillance that expose women prisoners to sexual abuse by male guards. It proposes a reinterpretation of Fourth Amendment privacy that would recognize a constitutional right to be free from the fear, risk and reality of prison sexual abuse. The second article, Impunity: Sexual Abuse in Women's Prisons, shows that an edifice of constitutional, statutory and common-law rules confers near-complete institutional immunity against nearly all prisoner claims of custodial sexual abuse. These immunity rules parallel those of historical status regimes which excluded low-status litigants from courts on the basis of race and gender, such as civil death, slavery, segregation and the common law of marriage and rape--with similar results: low-status women of color are exposed to systematic and institutionalized sexual abuse, and are prevented from seeking protection or redress from the courts. The third article, Our Prisons, Ourselves: Race, Gender and the Rule of Law, develops these insights in men's prisons. In the absence of enforceable external rules, staff and administrators often adopt a gendered practice of institutional governance that requires prisoners to prove their manhood by fighting, and penalizes unmanly men by allowing others to rape them. These unlawful gendered practices are obscured by a false but powerful racialized narrative: most people inside and outside prison believe, inaccurately, that prison rape is mainly black-on-white. By casting sexual violence as a "complex and intractable" race relations problem for which administrators are not to blame, the racial narrative bolsters the rationale for exempting prison administration from the rule of law. Thus the perception (and reality) of unchecked prison violence supplies a reason for courts not to interfere with the unlawful institutional policies that foster it.

Après un bref survol de l’histoire récente de la criminalisation de l’avortement au Canada, l’auteure présente les divers projets de loi privés touchant d’une façon ou d’une autre le droit à l’avortement, principalement le projet no C-484 sur l’homicide foetal, pour en saisir les conséquences sur le droit canadien et sur l’autonomie des femmes pendant leur grossesse. Ces projets de loi se situent à l’intérieur d’une stratégie des opposants à l’avortement qui a essentiellement pour objet de faire reconnaître en droit canadien un droit à la vie et à la sécurité aux foetus et de remettre en question le libre choix des femmes en la matière. Suit une discussion sur l’instrumentalisation du droit pénal à des fins de contrôle social de questions d’ordre éthique. Le texte se termine par une réflexion concernant l’intérêt de l’État dans la protection des foetus. L’auteure soutient que toute intervention étatique doit se faire dans le respect des droits constitutionnels des femmes, soit leur droit à la vie, à la santé et à la liberté.

Black women are generally displaced as victims of rape. The police response to the sexual assault of black women in general and lower-class black women in particular is illustrative of how sexual ideologies help construct complex social hierarchies that in turn structure rights. How the law currently deals with rape places black women outside of the narrative frames that legitimate entitlement. Rape continues to stand in for, and effectively obscure, other social, political, and economic concerns. Unpublished and often ignored, the rape narrative is a ripe site to supply oppositional interpretations of national experience and transmit some of the structural problems in the criminal justice system. Pulling from over two thousand “real” rape cases of low-income black women ignored and not investigated in Philadelphia between 1995 and 2000, this article reads black female rape narratives as case studies in order to discuss the way personal narratives of rape victims are structured by competing and overwhelming sociolegal narratives that undercut their reception. As the fastest growing prison population, the presence of the law to punish black women stands in stark contrast to the absence of the law to protect them.

When is rape not a crime? When it's pornography--or so First Amendment law seems to say: in film, a rape becomes "free speech." Pornography, Catharine MacKinnon contends, is neither speech nor free. Pornography, racial and sexual harassment, and hate speech are acts of intimidation, subordination, terrorism, and discrimination, and should be legally treated as such. Only Words is a powerful indictment of a legal system at odds with itself, its First Amendment promoting the very inequalities its Fourteenth Amendment is supposed to end. In the bold and compelling style that has made her one of our most provocative legal critics, MacKinnon depicts a society caught in a vicious hypocrisy. Words that offer bribes or fix prices or segregate facilities are treated by law as acts, but words and pictures that victimize and target on the basis of race and sex are not. Pornography--an act of sexual domination reproduced in the viewing--is protected by law in the name of "the free and open exchange of ideas." But the proper concern of law, MacKinnon says, is not what speech says, but what it does. What the "speech" of pornography and of racial and sexual harassment and hate propaganda does is promote and enact the power of one social group over another. Cutting with surgical deftness through cases of harassment in the workplace and on college campuses, through First Amendment cases involving Nazis, Klansmen, and pornographers, MacKinnon shows that as long as discriminatory practices are protected as free speech, equality will be only a word.

The interest in understanding and analyzing the situation of native women within the penal process is recent and seems to be limited by the inordinate attention paid by researchers to the overrepresentation of native women. This article is an account of the findings and analyses made to date in this recent sector of research. It presents an inventory of the principal data concerning the confrontation of native women with the penal process. It proposes a synthesis of the principal analyses of the problems of native women with the system of justice by presenting a critical analysis of the socio-structural model of LaPrairie.