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Because homoerotic relations can be found in so many cultures, Gilbert Herdt argues that we should think of these relations as part of the human condition. This new cross-cultural study of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals around the world, Same Sex, Different Cultures provides a unique perspective on maturing and living within societies, both historical and contemporary, that not only acknowledge but also incorporate same-gender desires and relations. Examining what it means to organize "sex" in a society that lacks a category for "sex", or to love someone of the same gender when society does not have a "homosexual" or "gay/lesbian" role, Herdt provides provocative new insights in our understanding of gay and lesbians lives. Accurate in both its scientific conceptions and wealth of cultural and historical material, examples range from the ancient Greeks and feudal China and Japan to the developing countries of Africa, India, Mexico, Brazil, and Thailand, from a New Guinea society to contemporary U.S. culture, including Native Americans. For all of these peoples, homoerotic relations emerge as part of culture and not separate from history or society. In many of these groups, loving or engaging in sexual relations is found to be the very basis of the local cultural theory of "human nature" and the mythological basis for the cosmos and the creation of society. The mistake of modern Western culture, Gilbert contends, is to continue the legalization of prejudice against lesbians and gays. In this light, the book addresses the issue of "universal" versus particular practices and reveals positive role models that embrace all aspects of human sexuality. Finally, it offers knowledge of the existence of persons who have loved and have been intimate sexually and romantically with the same gender in other lands through divergent cultural practices and social roles. The most important lesson to learn from this cross-cultural and historical study of homosexuality is that there is room for many at the table of humankind.
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Girls in male-dominated youth subcultures confront ideologies of gender which remain largely invisible and often tacitly accepted in many women's everyday lives. Punk girls choose to construct their femininity within a highly male-dominated, "masculinist," context; girls are present in such youth subcultures, but the masculine definition of their norms problematizes their participation. Thus, punk girls struggle to accommodate female gender norms within subcultural identities which are deliberately coded as "masculine." Although young women in America encounter the norms of the female gender role on a daily basis, punk girls' negotiations between the norms of femininity and those of punk open these prescriptions to critical examination which they might not otherwise be accorded. In this dissertation, I explore accounts of punk girls' engagements with both mainstream and subcultural gender norms. In constructing this account of girls' lived experiences in the punk subculture, I rely primarily upon the phenomenology, or experiential narrative, of punk girls' everyday lives. I elicited these accounts within the context of conducting participant observation in the punk scenes of four North American cities (Atlanta, Montreal, New Orleans, and San Francisco) from 1993 to 1995, conducting ethnographic interviews with forty punk girls. In the following, I explore various facets of punk girls' engagements with gender norms, including punk girls' narratives of engagement with the subculture; the construction of punk as a discourse of masculinity; punk girls' stylistic, behavioral, and discursive reconstructions of femininity; punk girls' experiences of public harassment and sexual harassment, and their strategic responses to these. I argue that these girls use the punk subculture in order to carry out resistances to varied forms of gender oppression, thereby developing stronger self-concepts in the face of adversity.
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La Voz de la Mujer, La Voix de la femme en français, est le premier journal anarcha-féministe au monde. Publié en Argentine par un collectif de femmes dont la communiste libertaire Virginia Bolten, il compte neuf numéros, parus du 8 janvier 1896 au 10 mars 1897. (Wikipedia)
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La lesbienne telle qu'on la connaît aujourd'hui est entrée dans le roman français avec La Religieuse de Diderot (pub. 1796), et jusqu'en 1926 elle est créée et recréée presqu'exclusivement par les écrivains hommes qui modèlent leurs personnages sur Margarita de La Fille aux yeux d'or de Balzac et Mademoiselle de Maupin de Gautier, pour en faire des femmes menaçantes pour la virilité collective. A partir de 1930 les expériences littéraires lesbiennes sont prises en charge par des auteures femmes qui en explorent les secrets, les misères et les oppressions d'abord, et ensuite — à partir de l'oeuvre de Monique Wittig et de Jocelyne François — la vie quotidienne dans sa variété. Cet article est un compte rendu d'unprojet de recherche en cours — projet qui étudie un territoire littéraire jusqu'ici totalement ignoré dans l'histoire du roman.