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The settler state's taking of Indigenous children into care disrupts their communities and continues destructive, assimilationist policies. This article presents the perceptions of lawyers, social workers and judges of how Indigenous parents experience child welfare in Quebec. Our participants characterized those experiences negatively. Barriers of language and culture as well as mistrust impede meaningful participation. Parents experience epistemic injustice, wronged in their capacity as knowers. Mistrust also hampers efforts to include Indigenous workers in the system. Emphasizing state workers’ ignorance of Indigenous family practices and the harms of settler colonialism, participants called for greater training. But critical literature on professional education signals the limits of such training to change institutions. Our findings reinforce the jurisdictional calls away from improving the system towards empowering Indigenous peoples to run services of child welfare. The patterns detected and theoretical resources used are relevant to researchers of other institutions that interact with vulnerable populations.
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This paper is broadly concerned with the question of what epistemic decolonization might involve. It is divided into two parts. The first part begins by explaining the specifically epistemic problem to which calls for epistemic decolonization respond. I suggest that calls for decolonization are motivated by a perceived epistemic crisis consisting in the inadequacy of the dominant Eurocentric paradigm to properly theorize our modern world. I then discuss two general proposals, radical and moderate, for what epistemic decolonization might involve. In the second part, I argue that the inadequacy of Eurocentric epistemic resources constitutes a hermeneutical injustice caused by an irreducible form of epistemic oppression. I then argue that addressing this form of epistemic oppression requires thinking ‘outside’ of the Eurocentric paradigm because the paradigm might fail to reveal and address the epistemic oppression sustaining it. This lends further plausibility to the radical proposal that epistemic decolonization must involve thinking from ‘outside’ the Eurocentric paradigm, but also accommodates the moderate proposal that adopting critical perspectives on Eurocentric thought is an important part of epistemic decolonization.
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One of the recent attempts to explore epistemic dimensions of forced displacement focuses on the institution of gender-based asylum and hopes to detect forms of epistemic injustice within assessments of gender related asylum applications. Following this attempt, I aim in this paper to demonstrate how the institution of gender-based asylum is structured to produce epistemic injustice at least in the forms of testimonial injustice and contributory injustice. This structural limit becomes visible when we realize how the institution of asylum is formed to provide legitimacy to the institutional comfort the respective migration courts and boards enjoy. This institutional comfort afforded to migration boards and courts by the existing asylum regimes in the current order of nation-states leads to a systemic prioritization of state actors’ epistemic resources rather than that of applicants, which, in turn, results in epistemic injustice and impacts the determination of applicants’ refugee status.
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À partir d’une réflexion sur le black feminism , cet article traite de l’articulation entre domination de genre et racisme, en tant qu’elle constitue l’un des enjeux théoriques et politiques les plus importants du féminisme anglo-saxon : dans quelle mesure l’expérience de la ségrégation raciste modèle celle du sexisme et met à mal l’unité politique du féminisme ? Si le sujet idéologique « femme » a implosé sous la critique du patriarcat, qu’en est-il du sujet politique du féminisme lui-même, « Nous les femmes » ? Notre thèse consiste à montrer comment les discours de la domination mettent à disposition des groupes opprimés des cadres anhistoriques qui réifient sans cesse ces mêmes groupes, jusque dans leurs affirmations positives. Dans ces conditions, en voulant déessentialiser le sujet du féminisme, « les femmes », le risque est de le renaturaliser en une myriade de sous-catégories (les femmes noires, les femmes voilées, les femmes migrantes...) qui deviennent des préalables aux luttes. De notre capacité à révéler l’historicité de l’entremêlement des catégories de « sexe » et de « race » et à user de techniques de tumultes à même d’inventer un autre langage politique, dépend notre capacité d’agir et de se penser comme sujets politiques en devenir.