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Evidence shows that secure land rights have positive effects on poor people in general and women in particular, especially where households previously had little security. Several countries in Africa have been undertaking land reform initiatives that prohibit gender-based discrimination; however, the results revealed a substantial gap between the development of laws and their effective implementation. This paper draws attention to the political systems within which land tenure and property rights operate, especially for women. It also points out the main challenges in securing women’s land rights in Africa and highlights the economic, social and environmental benefits of increasing women’s access to land. The analysis shows that although many of the changes in policy and law appear to be legal and technical, access to and control over land is in practice related to socio-economic characteristics and governed by cultural practices and power relations at the family, community and country levels. The paper therefore recognizes the need for innovative approaches that go beyond property rights in operationalising strategies that strengthen women’s access to land. It is not enough for land legislation to be gender-sensitive; it must be gender-transformational. Land markets could potentially contribute to this transformation but their role is still limited by poor institutional capacity. The roles that different actors (women, men, women’s organizations, community leaders, donors) can play would be crucial in the process of securing women’s access to land in Africa.
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In this groundbreaking work, Sara Ahmed demonstrates how queer studies can put phenomenology to productive use. Focusing on the “orientation” aspect of “sexual orientation” and the “orient” in “orientalism,” Ahmed examines what it means for bodies to be situated in space and time. Bodies take shape as they move through the world directing themselves toward or away from objects and others. Being “orientated” means feeling at home, knowing where one stands, or having certain objects within reach. Orientations affect what is proximate to the body or what can be reached. A queer phenomenology, Ahmed contends, reveals how social relations are arranged spatially, how queerness disrupts and reorders these relations by not following the accepted paths, and how a politics of disorientation puts other objects within reach, those that might, at first glance, seem awry. Ahmed proposes that a queer phenomenology might investigate not only how the concept of orientation is informed by phenomenology but also the orientation of phenomenology itself. Thus she reflects on the significance of the objects that appear—and those that do not—as signs of orientation in classic phenomenological texts such as Husserl’s Ideas. In developing a queer model of orientations, she combines readings of phenomenological texts—by Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and Fanon—with insights drawn from queer studies, feminist theory, critical race theory, Marxism, and psychoanalysis. Queer Phenomenology points queer theory in bold new directions. https://www.saranahmed.com/
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Cette publication de 2002 aborde les enjeux des femmes et des sexualité(s) *** FéminÉtudes est une revue étudiante, féministe et multidisciplinaire. La revue est née en 1995 de l’initiative d’étudiantes féministes dans l’intérêt de partager leurs recherches et de créer un groupe affinitaire. La revue est dirigée par des collectifs de rédaction bénévoles et autogérés, et soutenue par l’Institut de Recherches en Études Féministes (IREF) de l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Au fil des ans, FéminÉtudes a réussi à se bâtir une réputation et une légitimité dans le champ de la recherche en études féministes, tout en offrant une tribune au travaux et aux réflexions de dizaines d’étudiant.e.s. Au-delà de la recherche, c’est également pour l’avancement des luttes féministes que FéminÉtudes souhaite continuer à grandir.