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Depuis environ vingt-cinq ans, les recherches sur les genres et la sexualité autochtones s’inspirent de la tradition et de l’oralité, tout en examinant la relation entre sexualité et spiritualité. Le système des réserves au Québec ainsi que l’épisode des pensionnats incita les jeunes Autochtones à se tourner vers les aînés, cherchant un processus de guérison axé sur la réconciliation intergénérationnelle. Parmi les outils utilisés, le cinéma se présente comme un instrument médiateur facilitant une distanciation avec les événements vécus et un rapprochement les uns des autres, la caméra se faisant le témoin des confessions et des partages. Nous constatons ainsi, à travers les courtsmétrages réalisés par les jeunes Autochtones du Wapikoni Mobile, comment la réappropriation culturelle et la construction de l’identité sexuelle des jeunes passent par la réduction du fossé intergénérationnel ainsi que par l’expression d’une parole cherchant à concilier modernité et tradition.
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Résumé Cet article analyse les usages de savoir-faire genrés dans la création contemporaine autochtone canadienne. Ils sont considérés dans leur caractère doublement situé, culturel et sexué. Comment analyser les usages des savoir-faire dits « féminins » (couture, broderie) dans les œuvres de plasticiennes contemporaines ? La réflexion s’appuie sur l’étude des trajectoires biographiques et des œuvres de trois artistes canadiennes autochtones. Une double stigmatisation de ces artistes, marquée de stéréotypes ethniques et genrés, est repérée dans les conditions d’exposition de leurs œuvres en tant qu’autochtones (musées d’ethnologie) et en tant que femmes (musées locaux, statut non professionnel des créatrices). Leurs démarches pourront être qualifiées de postcoloniales, interrogeant les frontières normatives entre arts « majeurs » et arts « mineurs », ainsi que la place des arts « premiers » et des femmes créatrices dans l’histoire de l’art
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Much documentation gathered on Native American women's activities originated in the journals of European male missionaries and explorers. These first visitors observed Native societies through the eyes of their own culture, a culture in which male activities were the only happenings of note. 1 This bias led to indirect and distorted descriptions of Native American women's activities and beliefs. 2 Scholars who study Native American women today have made significant inroads into their histories; however, many interpretations remain incorrect and undeveloped. Devon Mihesuah states, "Because many authors write from a patriarchal or white feminist perspective, the value of Indian women is vastly underrated." 3 Gretchen Bataille and Kathleen Sands address this shortcoming, saying, "The portrayal of American Indian women in North America over the last four centuries offers an uneven body of documentary evidence about the lives of Native women as individuals and members of their group." This study's purpose is to increase the visibility of Native American women in leadership roles by recording the voices and histories of nine Native American women leaders. It focuses on the experiences, perceptions, and beliefs of the women interviewed, giving a voice to nine of today's Native American female leaders, nine Ogimah Ikwe (leader women).
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A quiet revolution is occurring in Canada's First Nations communities, with changes taking place on social, political, and economic fronts and a significant redistribution of power. Changes to the Indian Act in 1951 paved the way for women to become officially involved in reserve politics, and with governments responding to the demand of First Nations for self-government, positions once held exclusively by men are now being filled by women. Beginning with Elsie Knott, the first female chief in Canada, Cora Voyageur presents the lives of sixty-four of the ninety women chiefs who have assumed the traditionally male role of elected First Nations leadership. Using a range of qualitative research strategies, surveys, participant observation, interviews, and discussions with focus groups, Voyageur presents the colonial histories behind the issues that contemporary Aboriginal communities struggle with and delineates the resulting leadership dilemmas for chiefs, while also articulating a story that is unique to First Nations women. Voyageur asks women chiefs about what inspired them to become leaders, how they've maintained their priorities, and the personal and professional costs and rewards involved in their positions. Firekeepers of the Twenty-First Century is a groundbreaking work that examines the experiences of women as they negotiate multiple roles and navigate the worlds of gender, race, and reserve politics.
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This article traces the authors' involvement in Two-Spirit organizing in Montreal since 1995. The term Two-Spirit is often used by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered (LGBT) people of Aboriginal descent in both the U.S. and Canada. The authors explore the multifaceted aspects of organizing within a Two-Spirit community. They begin with an examination of contemporary challenges facing Two- Spirit people within Canadian society and then provide several concrete examples of local organizing, ranging from the creation of an educational video on HIV/AIDS and participation in a collaborative project with a school of social work to national and international alliance-building.
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"This book is not about feminism. Rather, feminism is the basis of the discussion, an example of how understanding oppression must consider a number of barriers. Euro-Canadian feminists rarely address the circumstances that are unique to First Nations' women, instead working with the assumption that all women are a part of a similar struggle. Ouellette attempts to confront these barriers. Throughout interviews with a number of women, she highlights the following four questions. To what extent do Aboriginal women understand experience and articulate their oppression? To what extent do colonized women perceive racism as the source of their oppression? To what extent do Aboriginal women view male domination within their own Aboriginal societies as the source of the oppression? How do Aboriginal women articulate racism and gender oppression?The author argues that there will always be a dichotomy between European and Aboriginal thought. This book makes an important contribution toward a greater understanding of Aboriginal thought and an Aboriginal perspective on society. The Fourth World theory is an integrate part of the "Circle of Life" philosophy of Aboriginal people. In keeping with oral traditions, these teachings are passed on at gatherings and in private conversations. They compromise a distinctly Aboriginal worldview."
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"This book contains the reflections of one Mohawk woman and her struggles to find a good place to be in Canadian society. The essays, written in enjoyable and accessible language, document the struggles against oppression that Aboriginal people face, as well as the success and change that have come to Aboriginal communities. It speaks to both the mind and the heart."--Résumé de l'éditeur.
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"Par une chaude journée de juillet 1990, une confrontation historique a propulsé les problèmes des Autochtones de Kanehsatake et du village d'Oka au Québec au premier plan de la scène internationale et de la conscience des Canadiens. Au cours de cet été épuisant, la productrice et réalisatrice Alanis Obomsawin, elle-même Indienne abénaquise, a passé 78 jours et nuits angoissants derrière les barricades dressées par les Mohawks, à tourner des images du conflit armé les opposant à la Sûreté du Québec et l'Armée canadienne."--Conteneur.