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Résumé Cet article analyse les usages de savoir-faire genrés dans la création contemporaine autochtone canadienne. Ils sont considérés dans leur caractère doublement situé, culturel et sexué. Comment analyser les usages des savoir-faire dits « féminins » (couture, broderie) dans les œuvres de plasticiennes contemporaines ? La réflexion s’appuie sur l’étude des trajectoires biographiques et des œuvres de trois artistes canadiennes autochtones. Une double stigmatisation de ces artistes, marquée de stéréotypes ethniques et genrés, est repérée dans les conditions d’exposition de leurs œuvres en tant qu’autochtones (musées d’ethnologie) et en tant que femmes (musées locaux, statut non professionnel des créatrices). Leurs démarches pourront être qualifiées de postcoloniales, interrogeant les frontières normatives entre arts « majeurs » et arts « mineurs », ainsi que la place des arts « premiers » et des femmes créatrices dans l’histoire de l’art
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Much documentation gathered on Native American women's activities originated in the journals of European male missionaries and explorers. These first visitors observed Native societies through the eyes of their own culture, a culture in which male activities were the only happenings of note. 1 This bias led to indirect and distorted descriptions of Native American women's activities and beliefs. 2 Scholars who study Native American women today have made significant inroads into their histories; however, many interpretations remain incorrect and undeveloped. Devon Mihesuah states, "Because many authors write from a patriarchal or white feminist perspective, the value of Indian women is vastly underrated." 3 Gretchen Bataille and Kathleen Sands address this shortcoming, saying, "The portrayal of American Indian women in North America over the last four centuries offers an uneven body of documentary evidence about the lives of Native women as individuals and members of their group." This study's purpose is to increase the visibility of Native American women in leadership roles by recording the voices and histories of nine Native American women leaders. It focuses on the experiences, perceptions, and beliefs of the women interviewed, giving a voice to nine of today's Native American female leaders, nine Ogimah Ikwe (leader women).
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A quiet revolution is occurring in Canada's First Nations communities, with changes taking place on social, political, and economic fronts and a significant redistribution of power. Changes to the Indian Act in 1951 paved the way for women to become officially involved in reserve politics, and with governments responding to the demand of First Nations for self-government, positions once held exclusively by men are now being filled by women. Beginning with Elsie Knott, the first female chief in Canada, Cora Voyageur presents the lives of sixty-four of the ninety women chiefs who have assumed the traditionally male role of elected First Nations leadership. Using a range of qualitative research strategies, surveys, participant observation, interviews, and discussions with focus groups, Voyageur presents the colonial histories behind the issues that contemporary Aboriginal communities struggle with and delineates the resulting leadership dilemmas for chiefs, while also articulating a story that is unique to First Nations women. Voyageur asks women chiefs about what inspired them to become leaders, how they've maintained their priorities, and the personal and professional costs and rewards involved in their positions. Firekeepers of the Twenty-First Century is a groundbreaking work that examines the experiences of women as they negotiate multiple roles and navigate the worlds of gender, race, and reserve politics.
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"This book contains the reflections of one Mohawk woman and her struggles to find a good place to be in Canadian society. The essays, written in enjoyable and accessible language, document the struggles against oppression that Aboriginal people face, as well as the success and change that have come to Aboriginal communities. It speaks to both the mind and the heart."--Résumé de l'éditeur.
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Recent trends in feminist research indicate a growing interest in the impact of Native women on westward expansion and imperialism. The author suggests that while early European contacts affected the status of women negatively, the views of Native women were seldom recorded during these early contact periods. Recent studies have examined the status and changing roles of Native women from the viewpoints of contemporary Native women. The diversity of their opinions continues to be a part of the contemporary debate on the resilience and resourcefulness of Native women in the past.