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The life story of Mrs. Daisy Sweeney, an African Canadian native of Montreal, Quebec, helps fill a void in the historical documentation of Montreal Blacks (especially female elders). Of particular significance is her prominence as a music educator and othermother during her life. The current literature on African Canadian othermothering experiences is not synonymous with both White or African American females and inclusion of their voices in academic, as well as mainstream spaces, is virtually non-existent. This dissertation asks: What did it mean to be a first generation 'Negro' working class bilingual female in a largely hostile White francophone Quebec metropolis in the early 20th Century? How can her narratives help shape and inform life history and African Canadian othermothering research? My sojourn with Mrs. Daisy Sweeney referenced African centered epistemology in my conceptual understanding of herself and community mothering. Capturing her conversations meant engaging with multiple methodologies articulated through African oral traditions, life history, archival canons and interdisciplinary inquiries. It is striking to note that there were not only certain tensions associated with memory loss and physical limitations (prompted by the aging process) that destabilized and enriched our 'interactive' communication, but also revealed a rupture and reversal of the participant/researcher dynamic. In spite of blatant racial discrimination that plagued Montreal's Black communities during that time, Daisy Sweeney fulfilled a life-long dream and taught hundreds of children the canon of classical piano for over 50 years. She lived her voice through her music, finding ways to validate her own identity and empowering others in the process. She used the musical stage as her platform to draw invaluable connections between race, gender, language and social class. Daisy Sweeney's generation of othermothers is dying out and, as the carriers of culture, the urgency to tell their stories must be emphasized. The account respects, reclaims and reflects those voices. It is time to write in African Canadian female elders and diversify the exclusionary genre of life history and archival research.
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Pendant près d’un demi-siècle (1920–1970), Montréal a été un centre névralgique du jazz en Amérique du Nord. Le légendaire nightlife de la ville et l’abondance de travail qu’il offrait attiraient des musiciens de tout le continent. Dans ce livre, John Gilmore décrit l’effervescence culturelle de cette époque. Il nous transporte à Montréal, après la tombée de la nuit, dans les lieux mythiques aujourd’hui presque tous disparus où ont vécu et joué les Myron Sutton, Johnny Holmes, Oscar Peterson, Louis Metcalf, Steep Wade, Maury Kaye et René Thomas. Dans cette contribution fondamentale à l’histoire du jazz, on découvre que les Noirs américains venus s’établir à Montréal au début du XXe siècle ont largement contribué à la culture populaire nord-américaine. Gilmore souligne qu’au-delà des réalisations individuelles des musiciens, la production du jazz a été profondément influencée par des facteurs politiques, sociaux et économiques : la prohibition et la ségrégation raciale aux États-Unis, l’essor économique – notamment du secteur ferroviaire – de Montréal puis la Grande Dépression des années 1930, la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le « nettoyage » de la ville et la renaissance de la « moralité civique » des années 1950 et, enfin, l’émergence de l’indépendantisme québécois.
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We examine the uses of and attitudes towards language of members of the Montreal Hip-Hop community in relation to Quebec language-in-education policies. These policies, implemented in the 1970s, have ensured that French has become the common public language of an ethnically diverse young adult population in Montreal. We argue, using Blommaert's (2005) model of orders of indexicality, that the dominant language hierarchy orders established by government policy have been both flattened and reordered by members of the Montreal Hip-Hop community, whose multilingual lyrics insist: (1) that while French is the lingua franca, it is a much more inclusive category which includes ‘Bad French,’ regional and class dialects, and European French; and (2) that all languages spoken by community members are valuable as linguistic resources for creativity and communication with multiple audiences. We draw from a database which includes interviews with and lyrics from rappers of Haitian, Latin-American, African-American and Québécois origin.
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A l'instar des ecrivains de la litterature migrante, des chanteurs et des chanteuses venus de divers pays ont fait du Quebec leur port d'attache et le foyer de leur carriere artistique. Ce phenomene assez recent a fait qu'au cours des dix dernieres annees on a vu debarquer au Quebec des artistes d'Hai'ti, du Bresil, du Mexique, du Maroc, du Rwanda, du Tchad, de l'Algerie, et du Venezuela, chacun avec sa musique, sa couleur, et sa sensibilite propre. Dans cette nouvelle branche de la chanson quebecoise on trouve les themes de predilection de la litterature migrante tels que l'exil, la nostalgie, le sentiment de perte, l'adaptation a un nouveau pays, l'integration, le racisme, la xenophobie, et l'hospitalite. La chanson quebecoise s'enrichit de ces differents apports; car ces artistes apportent avec eux non seulement des voix, des sons et des styles musicaux nouveaux, mais aussi des themes inedits et des trames narratives originales qui refletent leur culture d'origine, leur passe, et leurs valeurs de meme que leurs emotions liees a leurs defis actueis et a leurs reves pour l'avenir. (1) Dans cet article, nous examinerons en detail l'ceuvre de deux d'entre eux: Lynda Thalie qui, selon Monique Giroux, l'experte en chanson francophone de Radio-Canada, "est, parmi les artistes neo-quebecois, celle qui a pris le plus de place et est la plus susceptible de conquerir un large public" (cite par Vignaux) et Corneille, celui qui a jusqu'a ce jour remporte le plus grand succes aussi bien commercial que d'estime. II a vendu plus d'un million et demi de ses deux premiers disques, et a lance son premier disque en anglais, "The Birth of Cornelius," au Japon en mai 2007. (2) Lynda Thalie: l'exilee d'Algerie
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Montreal is the metropolitan hub of the province of Quebec, a French-speaking island in officially bilingual, but de facto majority English-speaking, Canada. The current youth generation represents a variety of ethnolinguistic backgrounds—French and English Canadian, but also many different immigrant-origin groups, including large Haitian and Hispanophone populations. Young adults and adolescents share French as a common language through schooling. In Quebec, hip-hop, a privileged literary–artistic and political medium for this generation, not only reflects its multilingual, multiethnic base, but also constitutes an active and dynamic site for the development of an oppositional community that encourages the formation of new, hybrid identities for youth. The authors draw on interviews with rappers of Haitian, Dominican, and African origin, and analysis of lyrics by these MCs, to highlight ways in which the discourses of “conscious” Quebec hip-hop promotes particular ideologies and identities in a context of migration/resettlement and globalization of youth culture.