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The documentary Show Girls, directed by Meilan Lam, makes an unprecedented contribution to the history of jazz and Black women jazz dancers in Montréal, Quebec, and to the conversation of jazz in Canada. Show Girls offers a glimpse into the lives of three Black women dancers of the 1920s–1950s. This essay asks what the lives of Black women dancers were like and how they navigated their career paths in terms of social and economic opportunities and barriers. I seek to better understand three points: (1) the gap in the study of jazz that generally excludes and/or separates dance and singing from the music; (2) the use of dance as a way to commercialize, sell, and give visual and conceptual meaning to jazz; (3) the importance of the Black body and the role of what I would define as “Afro- culture” in producing the ingenious and creative genre of jazz. My study suggests there is a dominant narrative of jazz, at least in academic literature, that celebrates one dimension of jazz as it was advertised in show business, and that bringing in additional components of jazz provides a counternarrative, but also a restorative, whole and more authentic story of jazz and its origins. More specifically, by re- exploring jazz as a whole culture that relies on music, song, and dance, this essay explores three major ideas. First, Black women dancers played a significant role in the success of jazz shows. Second, they articulated stories of self, freedom, and the identity of the New Negro through jazz culture and dance. Third, Black women’s bodies and art were later crystallized into images that further served to sell jazz as a product of show business.
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The 1920s have been touted as the golden era of jazz and Black history in Montréal. Similarly, the decade is well known for the Harlem Renaissance, a key moment in African American art history. Yet this period in Black Canadian art histories remains largely unknown. As a first step toward shedding some light on this period in Black Canadian art history, I propose to use what I term a Black feminist art-historical (bfah) praxis to discuss some visual art practices undoubtedly active alongside well-known jazz musicians and cultural producers in 1920s Montréal. This paper presents an overview of critical race art history and feminist art history, as well as Black feminist approaches to visual representation, to outline what might be considered four tenets of bfah praxis. Applying these tenets, I propose that a new art history may emerge from well-known art objects and practices as well as lesser-known ones. I posit that through a deliberately bfah approach, new meanings emerge and the voices of Black women, even when obstructed by mainstream white narratives, may begin to stand out and shed light upon a variety of histories. This praxis aims to underline the subtext lurking at the edges of these images and to make intangible presences visible in the archive and in art history. I propose bfah as a strategy for more nuanced discussion of the work of Black Canadian artists and histories that have by and large been left out of official records.
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Dans la littérature sur la danse exotique de la première moitié du xxe siècle, la danseuse noire apparaît soit comme la victime d’une industrie du divertissement capitalisant sur les mises en scène érotisantes, exotisantes et primitivisantes de son corps, soit comme la parodie subversive du stéréotype dit « primitif-exotique » incarné sur scène. Pour paraphraser bell hooks, le plaisir corporel, voire charnel, lié à la danse est avant tout abordé en tant que réalité à laquelle il faut résister, qui doit être masquée ou transcendée, ce qui force ainsi un processus de distanciation entre le travail artistique de la danseuse et le capital érotique de son corps. Dans cet article, l’auteure s’appuie sur une collection d’entretiens réalisés dans le contexte du travail de recherche ayant mené à la production cinématographique Show Girls: Celebrating Montreal’s Legendary Black Jazz Scene (1999) avec des danseuses qui travaillaient dans l’industrie du spectacle durant l’« âge d’or » du jazz montréalais (1925-1955). Les récits que révèlent ces entretiens permettent d’aller au-delà des questions de représentation dans la littérature sur la danse exotique pour poser un regard sur l’agentivité artistique de ces femmes qui résistent à la désarticulation entre leur travail artistique et le capital érotique de leurs corps.
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Cet article porte sur les rôles que les femmes ont joué dans le développement d’une scène jazz à Montréal. Les archives témoignent de l’importance des pianistes Vera Guilaroff et Ilene Bourne, de l’enseignante de piano Daisy Peterson Sweeney, des enseignantes de danse Olga Spencer Foderingham et Ethel Bruneau, ainsi que des danseuses de variétés dans le développement de la plus grande scène jazz du Canada au cours de la première moitié du xxe siècle. Cet article contextualise la présence des femmes dans ces espaces performantiels précis (le piano, l’enseignement, la danse) et explore les processus historiographiques liés à leur exclusion des récits historiques.
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: Taking Elin Diamond’s and Rebecca Schneider’s recent work in drama and performance studies as a starting point, this essay looks at two eras of burlesque in Montreal—the 1940s-50s and 2012—tracing a shifting landscape of popular entertainment, politics, religion, and social attitudes toward female sexuality. There is a central question underlying this examination: Why burlesque? Why now (or, rather, again?). I argue that burlesque offers an archive that evokes a different, more glamorous history than the one passed down to women by second-wave feminism. Burlesque also provides an alternative to popular culture’s commodification of female sexuality, technology’s mediation of social life, and heteronormative culture’s privatization of sexuality, giving women—and men—a stage on which to make fun of our cultural fixation with sex and the female body. Both nostalgically looking back and eagerly reaching for the new, neo-burlesque repeats the past as it simultaneously reinvents it.