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Cette recherche examine comment des pratiques artistiques influencées par la culture Hip Hop se déroulant dans un studio d’enregistrement communautaire participent au développement personnel et social de jeunes Montréalais·e·s racialisé·e·s. Il est soutenu qu’en incarnant des principes et valeurs associées au Hip Hop, le studio canalise et stimule un cadre permettant aux jeunes l’exploration de leurs identités multiples et marginalisées ce qui s’accompagne d’une part, d’une prise de conscience et d’émancipation en mobilisant des éléments de la culture Hip Hop pour stimuler une croissance personnelle reposant sur la liberté créatrice. D’une autre part, cette communauté ouvre la porte à la création du sentiment d’appartenance pour les jeunes Montréalais·e·s racialisé·e·s reposant sur la constitution de fondations et réseaux alternatifs au sein de la communauté du studio, de la scène locale et mondiale du Hip Hop. Ce faisant, le studio engendre l’émergence de solidarités affinitaires lui conférant un rôle de carrefour et de point d’ancrage pour cette communauté.
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Against a tense socio-political backdrop of white supremacy, intensifying pressures of neoliberal fiscal austerity, and queer necropolitics, this thesis addresses performance-based activist forms of place-making for urban-based queer, trans, and gender nonconforming communities of colour. Using participant observation and qualitative interviews with pioneering members of Montréal’s Kiki scene and Ottawa’s emerging Waacking community and interpreting my findings through the theoretical lens of queer of colour theory, critical whiteness studies, queer Latinx performance studies and Chicana feminism, I argue that Kiki subculture, which is maintained by pedagogical processes of ‘each one, teach one’, is instrumental in facilitating i) life-affirming queer kinship bonds, (ii) alternative ways to simultaneously embody and celebrate nonnormative gender expression with Black, Asian, and Latinx identity, iii) non-capitalist economies of sharing, and iv) hopeful strategies of everyday community activism and resilience to appropriative processes during economic insecurity and necropolitical turmoil.
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Girls in male-dominated youth subcultures confront ideologies of gender which remain largely invisible and often tacitly accepted in many women's everyday lives. Punk girls choose to construct their femininity within a highly male-dominated, "masculinist," context; girls are present in such youth subcultures, but the masculine definition of their norms problematizes their participation. Thus, punk girls struggle to accommodate female gender norms within subcultural identities which are deliberately coded as "masculine." Although young women in America encounter the norms of the female gender role on a daily basis, punk girls' negotiations between the norms of femininity and those of punk open these prescriptions to critical examination which they might not otherwise be accorded. In this dissertation, I explore accounts of punk girls' engagements with both mainstream and subcultural gender norms. In constructing this account of girls' lived experiences in the punk subculture, I rely primarily upon the phenomenology, or experiential narrative, of punk girls' everyday lives. I elicited these accounts within the context of conducting participant observation m the punk scenes of four North American cities (Atlanta, Montreal, New Orleans, and San Francisco) from 1993 to 1995, conducting ethnographic interviews with forty punk girls. In the following, I explore various facets of punk girls' engagements with gender norms, including punk girls' narratives of engagement with the subculture; the construction of punk as a discourse of masculinity; punk girls' stylistic, behavioral, and discursive reconstructions of femininity; punk girls' experiences of public harassment and sexual harassment, and their strategic responses to these. I argue that these girls use the punk subculture in order to carry out resistances to varied forms of gender oppression, thereby developing stronger self-concepts in the face of adversity.